Carboxylate, carboxylic acid generator, resist composition and method for producing resist pattern

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a carboxylate represented by formula (I), and a carboxylic acid generator and a resist composition, including the same:wherein R1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; m2 and m3 represent an integer of 0 to 4, and m4 represents an integer of 0 to 5; and X0 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO2—.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid generator, a resist composition and a method for producing a resist pattern.

BACKGROUND ART

Patent Document 1 mentions a resist composition including a carboxylate represented by the following formula as a carboxylic acid generator.

Patent Document 2 mentions a salt represented by the following formula, and a resist composition including the salt as an acid generator.

Patent Document 3 mentions a resist composition including a salt represented by the following formula as an acid generator.

Prior Art Document Patent Document

-   Patent Document 1: JP 2011-39502 A -   Patent Document 2: JP 2019-168475 A -   Patent Document 3: JP 2018-118962 A

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention provides a carboxylate and a resist composition comprising the carboxylate capable of forming a resist pattern with line edge roughness (LER) which is better than that of a resist pattern formed by the resist compositions including the salts mentioned above.

Means for Solving the Problems

The present invention includes the following inventions.

[1] A carboxylate represented by formula (I):

wherein, in formula (I),

R¹ represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

R², R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when m2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R² may be the same or different from each other,

m3 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when m3 is 2 or more, a plurality of R³ may be the same or different from each other,

m4 represents an integer of 0 to 5, and when m4 is 2 or more, a plurality of R⁴ may be the same or different from each other, and

X⁰ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—.

[2] The carboxylate according to [1], wherein R², R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a fluorine atom, an iodine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. [3] The carboxylate according to [1] or [2], wherein X⁰ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (—CH₂— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb):

wherein, in formula (aa),

X^(a) and X^(b) each independently represent —O— or —S—,

X^(1a) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—,

X^(2a) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 48 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and

* represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻:

wherein, in formula (bb),

L^(A) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom,

L^(B) represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—,

R^(A) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and

* represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻.

[4] The carboxylate according to [3], wherein X⁰ is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms with a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group), an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb). [5] A carboxylic acid generator comprising the carboxylate according to any one of [1] to [4]. [6] A resist composition comprising the carboxylic acid generator according to [5], an acid generator other than the carboxylic acid generator, and a resin having an acid-labile group. [7] The resist composition according to [6], wherein the resin having an acid-labile group comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2):

wherein, in formula (a1-1) and formula (a1-2),

L^(a1) and L^(a2) each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k1)—CO—O—, k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bonding site to —CO—,

R^(a4) and R^(a5) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a6) and R^(a7) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups,

m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14,

n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and

n1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.

[8] The resist composition according to [6] or [7], wherein the resin having an acid-labile group comprises a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A):

wherein, m formula (a2-A),

R^(a50) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a51) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group,

A^(a50) represents a single bond or *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)—, and * represents a bonding site to carbon atoms to which —R^(a50) is bonded,

A^(a52) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

X^(a51) and X^(a52) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—,

nb represents 0 or 1, and

mb represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when mb is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a51) may be the same or different from each other.

[9] A method for producing a resist pattern, which comprises:

(1) a step of applying the resist composition according to any one of [6] to [8] on a substrate,

(2) a step of drying the applied composition to form a composition layer,

(3) a step of exposing the composition layer,

(4) a step of heating the exposed composition layer, and

(5) a step of developing the heated composition layer.

Effects of the Invention

It is possible to produce a resist pattern with satisfactory line edge roughness (LER) by using a resist composition comprising a carboxylate of the present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the present specification, “(meth)acrylic monomer” means at least one selected from the group consisting of a monomer having a structure of “CH₂═CH—CO—” and a monomer having a structure of “CH₂═C(CH₃)—CO—”. Similarly, “(meth)acrylate” and “(meth)acrylic acid” each mean “at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid”. When a structural unit having “CH₂═C(CH₃)—CO—” or “CH₂═CH—CO—” is exemplified, a structural unit having both groups shall be similarly exemplified. In groups mentioned in the present specification, regarding groups capable of having both a linear structure and a branched structure, they may have either the linear or branched structure, “derived” or “induced” means that a polymerizable C═C bond included in the molecule becomes a —C—C— group by polymerization. “Combined group” means a group in which two or more exemplified groups are bonded, and valences of those groups may be appropriately changed depending on a bonding form. When stereoisomers exist, all stereoisomers are included.

In the present specification, “solid content of resist composition” means the total of contents in which the below-mentioned solvent (E) is removed from the total amount of the resist composition.

[Carboxylate Represented by Formula (I)]

The present invention relates to a carboxylate represented by formula (I) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “carboxylate (I)” or “salt (I)”).

Of the carboxylate (I), the side having negative charge is sometimes referred to as “anion (I)”, and the side having positive charge is sometimes referred to as “cation (I)”:

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above.

In formula (I), the fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms as for R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which has a fluorine atom, and examples thereof include a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a heptafluoropropyl group, a nonafluorobutyl group), and a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, a 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group and a 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the fluorinated alkyl group is, preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 1 or 2.

In formula (I), examples of the halogen atom as for R², R³ and R⁴ include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

In formula (I), examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms as for R², R³ and R⁴ include a chain hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups formed by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group and a dodecyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 9, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, and yet more preferably 1 to 3.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, and examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group and a cyclodecyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include the following groups and the like. The bonding site can be any position.

The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 8.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 6 to 10.

Examples of the group formed by combination include groups obtained by combining an aromatic hydrocarbon group with a chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., an aromatic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-*, an alkyl group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-*), groups obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group with a chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-*, an alkyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-*) and groups obtained by combining an aromatic hydrocarbon group with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., an aromatic hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-*, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-*). * represents a bonding site.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-* include aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-* include a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-* include cycloalkylalkyl groups such as a cyclohexylmethyl group, a cyclohexylethyl group, a 1-(adamantan-1-yl)methyl group, a 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-methylethyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* include cycloalkyl groups having an alkyl group, such as a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group and a 2-alkyladamantan-2-yl group.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* include a phenylcyclohexyl group and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-* include a cyclohexylphenyl group and the like.

In combination, two or more of alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups and chain hydrocarbon groups may be used in combination. Any group may be bonded to the benzene ring.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O— or —CO— include a hydroxy group (a group in which —CH₂— included in the methyl group is replaced by —O—), a carboxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— included in the ethyl group is replaced by —O—CO—), an alkoxy group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—), an alkoxycarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—CO—), an alkylcarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —CO—), an alkylcarbonyloxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —CO—O—), a cycloalkoxy group, a cycloalkylalkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group-carbonyloxy group, a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group include alkoxy groups having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, a nonyloxy group, a decyloxy group, an undecyloxy group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group is preferably 1 to 9, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, and yet more preferably 1 to 3.

The alkoxycarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyl group and the alkylcarbonyloxy group represent a group in which a carbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group is bonded to the above-mentioned alkyl group or alkoxy group.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group include alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 11 carbon atoms, for example, a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group and the like. Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group include alkylcarbonyl groups having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group and the like. Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include alkylcarbonyloxy groups having 2 to 11 carbon atoms, for example, an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group a butyryloxy group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxycarbonyl group is preferably 2 to 9, more preferably 2 to 6, still more preferably 2 to 4, and yet more preferably 2 or 3. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylcarbonyl group is preferably 2 to 9, more preferably 2 to 6, still more preferably 2 to 4, and yet more preferably 2 or 3. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylcarbonyloxy group is preferably 2 to 9, more preferably 2 to 6, still more preferably 2 to 4, and yet more preferably 2 or 3.

Examples of the cycloalkoxy group include cycloalkoxy groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, for example, a cyclohexyloxy group and the like. Examples of the cycloalkylalkoxy group include cycloalkylalkoxy groups having 4 to 11 carbon atoms, for example, a cyclohexylmethoxy group and the like. Examples of the alkoxycarbonyloxy group include alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, a butoxycarbonyloxy group and the like. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group-carbonyloxy group include aromatic hydrocarbon group-carbonyloxy groups having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, for example, a benzoyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O— or —CO— include the following groups. The bonding site can be any position.

When —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is the total number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group. The number may be 1, or 2 or more.

R¹ is preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, and yet more preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

m2 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and still more preferably 0 or 2.

m3 is preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and still more preferably 0.

m4 is preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and still more preferably 0, 1 or 3, and yet more preferably 1 or 3.

Preferably, R², R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), more preferably a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), still more preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, yet more preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and further preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.

In formula (I), the iodine atom may be bonded to the ortho-position, the meta-position or the para-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. Of these, the iodine atom is preferably bonded to the meta-position or the para-position, and more preferably the para-position, of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺.

R¹ may be bonded to the ortho-position, the meta-position or the para-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. Of these, R¹ is preferably bonded to the meta-position or the para-position, and more preferably the para-position, of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺.

R², R³ and R⁴ each may be bonded to the ortho-position, the meta-position or the para-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. Of these, R² is preferably bonded to the meta-position or the para-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. When R¹ is bonded to the para-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺, R² is more preferably bonded to the meta-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. R³ is preferably bonded to the ortho-position or the meta-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. When the iodine atom is bonded to the para-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺, R³ is more preferably bonded to the ortho-position of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺. R⁴ is preferably bonded to the meta-position or the para-position, and more preferably at least the para-position, of the benzene ring with respect to S⁺.

Examples of the cation in the salt (I) include cations represented by the following formula (I-c-1) to formula (I-c-20) and the like.

Of these, cations represented by formula (I-c-1) to formula (I-c-6), formula (I-c-13), formula (I-c-14), formula (I-c-17) and formula (I-c-18) are preferable, cations represented by formula (I-c-1) to formula (I-c-4), formula (I-c-13), formula (I-c-14), formula (I-c-17) and formula (I-c-18) are more preferable, cations represented by formula (I-c-1), formula (I-c-3), formula (I-c-13), formula (I-c-14), formula (I-c-17) and formula (I-c-18) are still more preferable, and cations represented by formula (I-c-1), formula (I-c-13), formula (I-c-14), formula (I-c-17) and formula (I-c-18) are yet more preferable.

In formula (I), examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by X⁰ include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (chain hydrocarbon groups such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkynyl group, and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups), an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a group obtained by combining these groups. —CH₂— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—.

Examples of the alkyl group include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group and a nonyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 12, still more preferably 1 to 9, yet more preferably 1 to 6, and further preferably 1 to 4.

Examples of the alkenyl group include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a tert-butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, a heptenyl group, an octenyl group, an isooctenyl group, a nonenyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkynyl group include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, an isopropynyl group, a butynyl group, an isobutynyl group, a tert-butynyl group, a pentynyl group, a hexynyl group, an octynyl group, a nonynyl group and the like.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂— include a hydroxy group (a group in which —CH₂— included in the methyl group is replaced by —O—), a carboxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— included in the ethyl group is replaced by —O—CO—), an alkoxy group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—), an alkoxycarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— included at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—CO—), an alkylcarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —CO—), an alkylcarbonyloxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —CO—O—), an alkylthio group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —S—) and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group, the alkoxycarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyl group and the alkylcarbonyloxy group include an alkoxy group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 17 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include groups which are the same as mentioned above. Examples of the alkylthio group include an alkylthio group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, for example, a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group and the like.

Replacement in the alkenyl group and the alkynyl group may be those including a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond at any position in exemplification of the replacement in the above-mentioned alkyl group.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic, polycyclic or spiro ring, or may be either saturated or unsaturated. Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, a cyclodecyl group and a cyclododecyl group; and polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group and an adamantyl group.

Specific examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the group in which —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂— include the following groups. The bonding site can be any position.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group or the group in which —CH₂— in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂— is preferably a group represented by any one of formula (y1) to formula (y71), more preferably a group represented by any one of formula (y1) to formula (y20), formula (y26), formula (y27), formula (y30), formula (y31) and formula (y39) to formula (y71), and still more preferably a group represented by any one of formula (y3), formula (y4), formula (y9), formula (y11), formula (y14), formula (y15), formula (y16), formula (y20), formula (y26), formula (y27), formula (y30), formula (y31), formula (y39), formula (y40), formula (y42), formula (y43), formula (y49) to formula (y58) and formula (y62) to formula (y71). The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 36, more preferably 3 to 24, still more preferably 3 to 18, and yet more preferably 3 to 16.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group and a binaphthyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 6 to 36, more preferably 6 to 24, still more preferably 6 to 18, yet more preferably 6 to 14, and further preferably 6 to 10.

In the case of the combined group, groups with different valences in the above-mentioned groups (an alkanediyl group, an alkanetriyl group, an alkanetetrayl group, a cycloalkanediyl group, a cycloalkanetriyl group, a cycloalkanetetrayl group, etc.) may be included.

The combined group represents:

a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group with a chain hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—),

a group obtained by combining a chain hydrocarbon group with an aromatic hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), and

a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group with an aromatic hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—).

In combination, two or more of the alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, the chain hydrocarbon groups and the aromatic hydrocarbon groups may be used in combination.

Specific examples of the combined group include:

an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-* and an (alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) such as an adamantylmethylene group and a cyclohexylmethylene group,

a chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* and a (chain hydrocarbon group)₂-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) such as a methyladamantyl group and a dimethyladamantyl group,

a chain hydrocarbon group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) such as a tolyl group and a xylyl group,

a chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-*, a (chain hydrocarbon group)₂-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-* and a (chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) such as a methylcyclohexylmethylene group,

an aromatic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) such as a benzyl group,

a chain hydrocarbon group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) such as a tolylmethyl group,

a chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-*, a (chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group)₂-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-*, a (chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* and a (chain hydrocarbon group)₂-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂) such as a methyladamantanemethyleneadamantyl group and a di(methyladamantanemethylene)adamantyl group,

an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-*, an (alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-*, an (alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group)₂- an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-* and an (alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—),

a chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-*, a (chain hydrocarbon group)₂-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-*, a (chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-*, a (chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group)₂-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-* and a (chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂-chain hydrocarbon group-* (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) and the like. * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of a carbonyl group.

When —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group represented by X⁰ is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is taken as the total number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group. When a substituent is bonded to the hydrocarbon group represented by X⁰, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is taken as the total number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group.

The hydrocarbon group represented by X⁰ may have one or a plurality of substituents.

Examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like. Of these, the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, a nonyloxy group, a decyloxy group, an undecyloxy group, a dodecyloxy group and the like.

The alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms and the alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms represent groups in which a carbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group is bonded to the above-mentioned alkyl group or alkoxy group.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group and the like, examples of the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group and the like, and examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include the following groups. ** represents a bonding site to X⁰.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include aryl groups such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.

Examples of the combined group include a group obtained by combining a hydroxy group with an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a group obtained by combining an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and the like.

Examples of the group obtained by combining a hydroxy group with an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a hydroxymethyl group and a hydroxyethyl group.

Examples of the group obtained by combining an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include aralkyl groups having 7 to 22 carbon atoms such as a benzyl group, and alkylaryl groups having 7 to 22 carbon atoms such as a tolyl group and a xylyl group.

Examples of the group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include cyclohexylphenyl groups and the like.

The hydrocarbon group represented by X⁰ is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (—CH₂— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb),

more preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group with a chain hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group), an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb),

still more preferably an *-alicyclic hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻), an *-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻), a *-chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, the chain hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻), an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb),

yet more preferably a *-polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻), a *-polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻), a *-chain hydrocarbon group-polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, —CH₂— included in the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, the chain hydrocarbon group and the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻), an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb), and

particularly preferably an adamantanone group, a hydroxyadamantyl group, a group obtained by combining an adamantyl group with an alkyl group (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), a group represented by formula (Y30F), a phenyl group having a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb).

In the above groups, the number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 36, more preferably 3 to 24, still more preferably 3 to 18, yet more preferably 3 to 16, and further preferably 3 to 12. The number of carbon atoms of the chain hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 12, still more preferably 1 to 9, yet more preferably 1 to 6, and further preferably 1 to 4. The number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 6 to 36, more preferably 6 to 24, still more preferably 6 to 18, yet more preferably 6 to 14, and further preferably 6 to 10.

wherein, In formula (aa),

X^(a) and X^(b) each independently represent —O— or —S—,

X^(1a) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO2-,

X^(2a) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 48 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and

* represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻: wherein, in formula (bb),

L^(A) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom,

L^(B) represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—,

R^(A) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and

* represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻.

X^(a) and X^(b) are preferably the same atom, and more preferably, both are oxygen atoms.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by X^(1a) and X^(2a) include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups. These hydrocarbon groups may have a substituent. —CH₂— included in these hydrocarbon groups may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—. The number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group means the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group which has no substituent and no replacement.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group as for X^(1a) include a chain hydrocarbon group such as an alkanetriyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

Specific examples of the alkanetriyl group include a methine group, an ethanetriyl group, a propanetriyl group, a butanetriyl group, a pentanetriyl group, a hexanetriyl group, a heptanetriyl group, an octanetriyl group, a nonanetriyl group, a decanetriyl group, an undecanetriyl group, a dodecanetriyl group and the like.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic.

Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a cyclobutanetriyl group, a cyclopentanetriyl group, a cyclohexanetriyl group, a cyclooctanetriyl group and the like.

Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a norbornanetriyl group, an adamantanetriyl group and the like.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a benzenetriyl group, a naphthalenetriyl group, an anthracenetriyl group and the like.

In the case of the combined group, groups with different valences in the above-mentioned groups (an alkyl group, an alkanediyl group, an alkanetetrayl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkanediyl group, a cycloalkanetetrayl group, etc.) may be included.

The hydrocarbon group represented by X^(1a) has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and may further have one or a plurality of substituents. Examples of the substituent include a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the halogen atom, the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkoxycarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyloxy group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the group obtained by combining these groups include the same groups as mentioned above.

The hydrocarbon group represented by X^(1a) is preferably an alkanetriyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, more preferably an alkanetriyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or groups represented by formula (w1-1) to formula (w1-11), and still more preferably, an alkanetriyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a polycyclic hydrocarbon group such as a group represented by formula (w1-1) or a group represented by formula (w1-3), or a monocyclic hydrocarbon group such as a group represented by formula (w1-2) or a group represented by formula (w1-6):

wherein, in formula (w1-1) to formula (w1-11),

the ring may have a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, and

* represents a bonding site.

The number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group represented by X^(2a) is preferably 2 to 48, more preferably 4 to 48, still more preferably 6 to 44, yet more preferably 8 to 40, and further preferably 10 to 38.

Examples of the substituent which may be possessed by the hydrocarbon group in X^(2a) include a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the halogen atom, the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkoxycarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyloxy group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the group obtained by combining these groups include the same groups as mentioned above.

The hydrocarbon group having 1 to 48 carbon atoms represented by X^(2a) may have one or a plurality of substituents.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group in X^(2a) include a linear or branched chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., an alkanediyl group, etc.), a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the hydrocarbon group may be those obtained by combining two or more groups of these groups.

Specific examples thereof include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group and an octane-1,8-diyl group;

branched alkanediyl groups such as an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a pentane-2,4-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group;

monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups which are monocyclic cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group;

polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups which are polycyclic cycloalkanediyl groups such as a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group and an adamantane-2,6-diyl group; and

aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group, an anthrylene group, a phenanthrylene group and a binaphthylene group.

In the case of the combined group, groups with different valences in the above-mentioned groups (an alkyl group, an alkanetriyl group, an alkanetetrayl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkanetriyl group, a cycloalkanetetrayl group, etc.) may be included.

Examples of the combined group include a group obtained by combining a chain hydrocarbon group with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a group obtained by combining a chain hydrocarbon group with an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group with an aromatic hydrocarbon group and the like, and specific examples thereof include a group in which one or more alicyclic hydrocarbon groups are bonded to a chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., a -chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a -chain hydrocarbon group-(alicyclic hydrocarbon group)₂, etc.), a group in which one or more chain hydrocarbon groups are bonded to an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., an -alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group, an -alicyclic hydrocarbon group-(chain hydrocarbon group)₂, etc.), a group in which one or more alicyclic hydrocarbon groups and chain hydrocarbon groups are bonded to a chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., a -chain hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group, a -chain hydrocarbon group-(alicyclic hydrocarbon group-chain hydrocarbon group)₂, etc.) and the like.

The hydrocarbon group in X^(2a) is preferably:

a chain hydrocarbon group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a substituent),

an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent), or

a group obtained by combining a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) (the group may have a substituent),

more preferably a chain hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a substituent), or

a group obtained by combining a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) (the group may have a substituent), and

still more preferably a chain hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a substituent), or

a group obtained by combining a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 14 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) (the group may have a substituent).

Specifically, the hydrocarbon group in X^(2a) is preferably, for example,

an alkanediyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alkanediyl group may have a substituent),

an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent),

a group composed of an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) (the group may have a substituent), or

a group composed of an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) (the group may have a substituent),

more preferably an alkanediyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alkanediyl group may have a substituent),

a group composed of an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) (the group may have a substituent), or

a group composed of an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) (the group may have a substituent), and

still more preferably an alkanediyl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alkanediyl group may have a substituent),

a group composed of an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) and an adamantanediyl group (—CH₂— included in the adamantanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) (the group may have a substituent), or

a group composed of an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), an adamantanediyl group and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) (the group may have a substituent).

More specifically, X^(2a) is preferably a group represented by formula (X²-1), a group represented by formula (X²-2), a group represented by formula (X²-3) or a group represented by formula (X²-4):

wherein

R^(1x), R^(2x), R^(3x), R^(4x), R^(5x) and R^(6x) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups, —CH₂— included in the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and

* represents a bonding site to X^(a) and X^(b).

The combined group may be either those obtained by combining each one of the above-mentioned alkyl group and alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or those obtained by combining two or more of either or both of them. In this case, the number of carbon atoms of the combined group is 39 or less, and preferably 37 or less.

Of these, R^(1x), R^(2x), R^(3x), R^(4x), R^(5x) and R^(6x) are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alkyl group may have a substituent), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent) or a group obtained by combining an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) (the group may have a substituent), and more preferably a methoxy group, an adamantyl group (—CH₂— included in the adamantyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the adamantyl group may have a substituent) or a group obtained by combining an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—) with an adamantyl group (the group may have a substituent).

In formula (bb), examples of the alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in L^(A) and L^(B) include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group and a hexane-1,6-diyl group; and branched alkanediyl groups such as a propane-1,2-diyl group, a 1-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a 1-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkanediyl group is preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 to 3.

Examples of the alkanediyl group which may have a fluorine atom include perfluoroalkanediyl groups such as a difluoromethylene group, a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropanediyl group, a perfluorobutanediyl group and a perfluoropentanediyl group.

When —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group is replaced by —O— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is taken as the total number of carbon atoms of the alkanediyl group. The alkanediyl group may have a hydroxy group (a group in which —CH₂— included in the methyl group is replaced by —O—), a carboxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— included in the ethyl group is replaced by —O—CO—), an alkoxy group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—), an alkoxycarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—CO—), an alkylcarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —CO—), an alkylcarbonyloxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkyl group is replaced by —CO—O—), an alkanediyloxy group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkanediyl group is replaced by —O—), an alkanediyloxycarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkanediyl group is replaced by —O—CO—) or an alkanediylcarbonyl group (a group in which —CH₂— at any position included in the alkanediyl group is replaced by —CO—) or an alkanediylcarbonyloxy group (a group in which —CH₂—CH₂— at any position included in the alkanediyl group is replaced by —CO—O—).

Examples of the alkanediyloxy group include a methyleneoxy group, an ethyleneoxy group, a propanediyloxy group, a butanediyloxy group, a pentanediyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the alkanediyloxycarbonyl group include a methyleneoxycarbonyl group, an ethyleneoxycarbonyl group, a propanediyloxycarbonyl group, a butanediyloxycarbonyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkanediylcarbonyl group include a methylenecarbonyl group, an ethylenecarbonyl group, a propanediylcarbonyl group, a butanediylcarbonyl group, a pentanediylcarbonyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkanediylcarbonyloxy group include a methylenecarbonyloxy group, an ethylenecarbonyloxy group, a propanediylcarbonyloxy group, a butanediylcarbonyloxy group and the like.

L^(A) is preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, and more preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which has a fluorine atom.

L^(B) is preferably a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), and more preferably a single bond, a methylene group or an ethylene group.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group in R^(A) include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (chain hydrocarbon groups such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group and an alkynyl group, and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups), an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a group obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an n-undecyl group, an n-dodecyl group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 12, still more preferably 1 to 9, yet more preferably 1 to 6, and further preferably 1 to 4.

Examples of the alkenyl group include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a tert-butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, a heptenyl group, an octenyl group, an isooctenyl group and a nonenyl group.

Examples of the alkynyl group include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, an isopropynyl group, a butynyl group, an isobutynyl group, a tert-butynyl group, a pentynyl group, a hexynyl group, an octynyl group, a nonynyl group and the like.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂— include a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, an alkylthio group and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group, the alkoxycarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyloxy group and the alkylthio group include an alkoxy group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 17 carbon atoms and an alkylthio group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and include the same groups as mentioned above.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic, polycyclic or spiro ring, or may be either saturated or unsaturated. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, a cyclodecyl group and a cyclododecyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group and a norbornyl group.

Specific examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the group in which —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂— include groups represented by the above-mentioned formula (y1) to formula (y71). The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 36, more preferably 3 to 24, still more preferably 3 to 18, yet more preferably 3 to 16, and further preferably 3 to 12.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group and a binaphthyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 6 to 36, more preferably 6 to 24, still more preferably 6 to 18, yet more preferably 6 to 14, and further preferably 6 to 10.

In the case of the combined group, groups with different valences in the above-mentioned groups (an alkanediyl group, an alkanetriyl group, a cycloalkanediyl group, a cycloalkanetriyl group, etc.) may be included.

Examples of the group formed by combination include groups obtained by combining an aromatic hydrocarbon group with a chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., an aromatic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-*, an alkyl group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-*), groups obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group with a chain hydrocarbon group (e.g., an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-*, an alkyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-*) and groups obtained by combining an aromatic hydrocarbon group with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., an aromatic hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-*, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-*). * represents a bonding site.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-* include aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-* include a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkanediyl group-* include cycloalkylalkyl groups such as a cyclohexylmethyl group, a cyclohexylethyl group, a 1-(adamantan-1-yl)methyl group and a 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-methylethyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* include cycloalkyl groups having an alkyl groups such as a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group and a 2-alkyladamantan-2-yl group.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-* include a phenyladamantyl group and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group-aromatic hydrocarbon group-* include an adamantylphenyl group and the like.

In combination, two or more of alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups and chain hydrocarbon groups may be used in combination. Any group may be bonded to L^(B).

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂— include, in addition to the above-mentioned groups, a cycloalkoxy group, a cycloalkylalkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group-carbonyloxy group, a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups and the like.

Examples of the cycloalkoxy group include cycloalkoxy groups having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, for example, a cyclohexyloxy group and the like. Examples of the cycloalkylalkoxy group include cycloalkylalkoxy groups having 4 to 17 carbon atoms, for example, a cyclohexylmethoxy group and the like. Examples of the alkoxycarbonyloxy group include alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, for example, a butoxycarbonyloxy group and the like. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group-carbonyloxy group include aromatic hydrocarbon group-carbonyloxy group having 7 to 17 carbon atoms, for example, a benzoyloxy group and the like.

When —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is taken as the total number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group. The number may be 1, or 2 or more.

Examples of the substituent which may be possessed by the hydrocarbon group as for R^(A) include a halogen atom, a cyano group and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—).

Examples of the halogen atom include the same groups as mentioned above.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include the same groups as mentioned above.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O— or —CO— include a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group, the alkoxycarbonyl group, the alkylcarbonyl group and the alkylcarbonyloxy group include an alkoxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms, and include the same groups as mentioned above.

The hydrocarbon group in R^(A) may one or a plurality of substituents.

The hydrocarbon group in R^(A) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) or a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (—CH₂— included in the cyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), and preferably a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the cyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—).

Examples of the cyclic hydrocarbon group include cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the group obtained by combining these groups include the same groups as mentioned above.

In combination, two or more of alicyclic hydrocarbon groups and aromatic hydrocarbon groups may be used in combination. Any group may be bonded to L^(B).

The cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (the cyclic hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the cyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—) is preferably:

an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), or

an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and

more preferably:

an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—).

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, an adamantyl group, or the following groups (the bonding site is any position), and the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.

Examples of the carboxylic acid anion in the carboxylate represented by formula (I) include carboxylic acid anions mentioned below.

Specific examples of the carboxylate (I) include salts obtained by optionally combining the above-mentioned cations and anions. Specific examples of the carboxylate (I) are shown in the following table.

In the following table, the respective symbol represents symbols imparted to structures showing the above-mentioned anions and cations. For example, the carboxylate (I-1) is a salt composed of a carboxylic acid anion represented by formula (I-a-1) and a cation represented by formula (I-c-1) and is the following salt.

TABLE 1 Carboxylate (I) Carboxylic acid anion Cation (I-1) (I-a-1) (I-c-1) (I-2) (I-a-2) (I-c-1) (I-3) (I-a-3) (I-c-1) (I-4) (I-a-4) (I-c-1) (I-5) (I-a-5) (I-c-1) (I-6) (I-a-6) (I-c-1) (I-7) (I-a-7) (I-c-1) (I-8) (I-a-8) (I-c-1) (I-9) (I-a-9) (I-c-1) (I-10) (I-a-10) (I-c-1) (I-11) (I-a-11) (I-c-1) (I-12) (I-a-12) (I-c-1) (I-13) (I-a-13) (I-c-1) (I-14) (I-a-14) (I-c-1) (I-15) (I-a-15) (I-c-1) (I-16) (I-a-16) (I-c-1) (I-17) (I-a-17) (I-c-1) (I-18) (I-a-18) (I-c-1) (I-19) (I-a-19) (I-c-1) (I-20) (I-a-20) (I-c-1) (I-21) (I-a-21) (I-c-1) (I-22) (I-a-22) (I-c-1) (I-23) (I-a-23) (I-c-1) (I-24) (I-a-24) (I-c-1) (I-25) (I-a-25) (I-c-1) (I-26) (I-a-26) (I-c-1) (I-27) (I-a-27) (I-c-1) (I-28) (I-a-28) (I-c-1) (I-29) (I-a-29) (I-c-1) (I-30) (I-a-30) (I-c-1) (I-31) (I-a-31) (I-c-1) (I-32) (I-a-32) (I-c-1) (I-33) (I-a-33) (I-c-1) (I-34) (I-a-34) (I-c-1) (I-35) (I-a-35) (I-c-1) (I-36) (I-a-36) (I-c-1) (I-37) (I-a-37) (I-c-1) (I-38) (I-a-38) (I-c-1) (I-39) (I-a-39) (I-c-1) (I-40) (I-a-40) (I-c-1) (I-41) (I-a-41) (I-c-1) (I-42) (I-a-42) (I-c-1) (I-43) (I-a-43) (I-c-1) (I-44) (I-a-44) (I-c-1) (I-45) (I-a-45) (I-c-1) (I-46) (I-a-46) (I-c-1) (I-47) (I-a-47) (I-c-1) (I-48) (I-a-48) (I-c-1) (I-49) (I-a-49) (I-c-1) (I-50) (I-a-50) (I-c-1) (I-51) (I-a-51) (I-c-1) (I-52) (I-a-52) (I-c-1) (I-53) (I-a-53) (I-c-1) (I-54) (I-a-54) (I-c-1) (I-55) (I-a-1) (I-c-2) (I-56) (I-a-2) (I-c-2) (I-57) (I-a-3) (I-c-2) (I-58) (I-a-4) (I-c-2) (I-59) (I-a-5) (I-c-2) (I-60) (I-a-6) (I-c-2) (I-61) (I-a-7) (I-c-2) (I-62) (I-a-8) (I-c-2) (I-63) (I-a-9) (I-c-2) (I-64) (I-a-10) (I-c-2) (I-65) (I-a-11) (I-c-2) (I-66) (I-a-12) (I-c-2) (I-67) (I-a-13) (I-c-2) (I-68) (I-a-14) (I-c-2) (I-69) (I-a-15) (I-c-2) (I-70) (I-a-16) (I-c-2) (I-71) (I-a-17) (I-c-2) (I-72) (I-a-18) (I-c-2) (I-73) (I-a-19) (I-c-2) (I-74) (I-a-20) (I-c-2) (I-75) (I-a-21) (I-c-2) (I-76) (I-a-22) (I-c-2) (I-77) (I-a-23) (I-c-2) (I-78) (I-a-24) (I-c-2) (I-79) (I-a-25) (I-c-2) (I-80) (I-a-26) (I-c-2) (I-81) (I-a-27) (I-c-2) (I-82) (I-a-28) (I-c-2) (I-83) (I-a-29) (I-c-2) (I-84) (I-a-30) (I-c-2) (I-85) (I-a-31) (I-c-2) (I-86) (I-a-32) (I-c-2) (I-87) (I-a-33) (I-c-2) (I-88) (I-a-34) (I-c-2) (I-89) (I-a-35) (I-c-2) (I-90) (I-a-36) (I-c-2) (I-91) (I-a-37) (I-c-2) (I-92) (I-a-38) (I-c-2) (I-93) (I-a-39) (I-c-2) (I-94) (I-a-40) (I-c-2) (I-95) (I-a-41) (I-c-2) (I-96) (I-a-42) (I-c-2) (I-97) (I-a-43) (I-c-2) (I-98) (I-a-44) (I-c-2) (I-99) (I-a-45) (I-c-2) (I-100) (I-a-46) (I-c-2) (I-101) (I-a-47) (I-c-2) (I-102) (I-a-48) (I-c-2) (I-103) (I-a-49) (I-c-2) (I-104) (I-a-50) (I-c-2) (I-105) (I-a-51) (I-c-2) (I-106) (I-a-52) (I-c-2) (I-107) (I-a-53) (I-c-2) (I-108) (I-a-54) (I-c-2) (I-109) (I-a-1) (I-c-3) (I-110) (I-a-2) (I-c-3) (I-111) (I-a-3) (I-c-3) (I-112) (I-a-4) (I-c-3) (I-113) (I-a-5) (I-c-3) (I-114) (I-a-6) (I-c-3) (I-115) (I-a-7) (I-c-3) (I-116) (I-a-8) (I-c-3) (I-117) (I-a-9) (I-c-3) (I-118) (I-a-10) (I-c-3) (I-119) (I-a-11) (I-c-3) (I-120) (I-a-12) (I-c-3) (I-121) (I-a-13) (I-c-3) (I-122) (I-a-14) (I-c-3) (I-123) (I-a-15) (I-c-3) (I-124) (I-a-16) (I-c-3) (I-125) (I-a-17) (I-c-3) (I-126) (I-a-18) (I-c-3) (I-127) (I-a-19) (I-c-3) (I-128) (I-a-20) (I-c-3) (I-129) (I-a-21) (I-c-3) (I-130) (I-a-22) (I-c-3) (I-131) (I-a-23) (I-c-3) (I-132) (I-a-24) (I-c-3) (I-133) (I-a-25) (I-c-3) (I-134) (I-a-26) (I-c-3) (I-135) (I-a-27) (I-c-3) (I-136) (I-a-28) (I-c-3) (I-137) (I-a-29) (I-c-3) (I-138) (I-a-30) (I-c-3) (I-139) (I-a-31) (I-c-3) (I-140) (I-a-32) (I-c-3) (I-141) (I-a-33) (I-c-3) (I-142) (I-a-34) (I-c-3) (I-143) (I-a-35) (I-c-3) (I-144) (I-a-36) (I-c-3) (I-145) (I-a-37) (I-c-3) (I-146) (I-a-38) (I-c-3) (I-147) (I-a-39) (I-c-3) (I-148) (I-a-40) (I-c-3) (I-149) (I-a-41) (I-c-3) (I-150) (I-a-42) (I-c-3) (I-151) (I-a-43) (I-c-3) (I-152) (I-a-44) (I-c-3) (I-153) (I-a-45) (I-c-3) (I-154) (I-a-46) (I-c-3) (I-155) (I-a-47) (I-c-3) (I-156) (I-a-48) (I-c-3) (I-157) (I-a-49) (I-c-3) (I-158) (I-a-50) (I-c-3) (I-159) (I-a-51) (I-c-3) (I-160) (I-a-52) (I-c-3) (I-161) (I-a-53) (I-c-3) (I-162) (I-a-54) (I-c-3) (I-163) (I-a-1) (I-c-4) (I-164) (I-a-2) (I-c-4) (I-165) (I-a-3) (I-c-4) (I-166) (I-a-4) (I-c-4) (I-167) (I-a-5) (I-c-4) (I-168) (I-a-6) (I-c-4) (I-169) (I-a-7) (I-c-4) (I-170) (I-a-8) (I-c-4) (I-171) (I-a-9) (I-c-4) (I-172) (I-a-10) (I-c-4) (I-173) (I-a-11) (I-c-4) (I-174) (I-a-12) (I-c-4) (I-175) (I-a-13) (I-c-4) (I-176) (I-a-14) (I-c-4) (I-177) (I-a-15) (I-c-4) (I-178) (I-a-16) (I-c-4) (I-179) (I-a-17) (I-c-4) (I-180) (I-a-18) (I-c-4) (I-181) (I-a-19) (I-c-4) (I-182) (I-a-20) (I-c-4) (I-183) (I-a-21) (I-c-4) (I-184) (I-a-22) (I-c-4) (I-185) (I-a-23) (I-c-4) (I-186) (I-a-24) (I-c-4) (I-187) (I-a-25) (I-c-4) (I-188) (I-a-26) (I-c-4) (I-189) (I-a-27) (I-c-4) (I-190) (I-a-28) (I-c-4) (I-191) (I-a--29) (I-c-4) (I-192) (I-a-30) (I-c-4) (I-193) (I-a-31) (I-c-4) (I-194) (I-a-32) (I-c-4) (I-195) (I-a-33) (I-c-4) (I-196) (I-a-34) (I-c-4) (I-197) (I-a-35) (I-c-4) (I-198) (I-a-36) (I-c-4) (I-199) (I-a-37) (I-c-4) (I-200) (I-a-38) (I-c-4) (I-201) (I-a-39) (I-c-4) (I-202) (I-a-40) (I-c-4) (I-203) (I-a-41) (I-c-4) (I-204) (I-a-42) (I-c-4) (I-205) (I-a-43) (I-c-4) (I-206) (I-a-44) (I-c-4) (I-207) (I-a-45) (I-c-4) (I-208) (I-a-46) (I-c-4) (I-209) (I-a-47) (I-c-4) (I-210) (I-a-48) (I-c-4) (I-211) (I-a-49) (I-c-4) (I-212) (I-a-50) (I-c-4) (I-213) (I-a-51) (I-c-4) (I-214) (I-a-52) (I-c-4) (I-215) (I-a-53) (I-c-4) (I-216) (I-a-54) (I-c-4) (I-217) (I-a-1) (I-c-5) (I-218) (I-a-2) (I-c-5) (I-219) (I-a-3) (I-c-5) (I-220) (I-a-4) (I-c-5) (I-221) (I-a-5) (I-c-5) (I-222) (I-a-6) (I-c-5) (I-223) (I-a-7) (I-c-5) (I-224) (I-a-8) (I-c-5) (I-225) (I-a-9) (I-c-5) (I-226) (I-a-10) (I-c-5) (I-227) (I-a-11) (I-c-5) (I-228) (I-a-12) (I-c-5) (I-229) (I-a-13) (I-c-5) (I-230) (I-a-14) (I-c-5) (I-231) (I-a-15) (I-c-5) (I-232) (I-a-16) (I-c-5) (I-233) (I-a-17) (I-c-5) (I-234) (I-a-18) (I-c-5) (I-235) (I-a-19) (I-c-5) (I-236) (I-a-20) (I-c-5) (I-237) (I-a-21) (I-c-5) (I-238) (I-a-22) (I-c-5) (I-239) (I-a-23) (I-c-5) (I-240) (I-a-24) (I-c-5) (I-241) (I-a-25) (I-c-5) (I-242) (I-a-26) (I-c-5) (I-243) (I-a-27) (I-c-5) (I-244) (I-a-28) 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(I-c-19) (I-1815) (I-a-87) (I-c-19) (I-1816) (I-a-88) (I-c-19) (I-1817) (I-a-89) (I-c-19) (I-1818) (I-a-90) (I-c-19) (I-1819) (I-a-91) (I-c-19) (I-1820) (I-a-92) (I-c-19) (I-1821) (I-a-93) (I-c-19) (I-1822) (I-a-55) (I-c-20) (I-1823) (I-a-56) (I-c-20) (I-1824) (I-a-57) (I-c-20) (I-1825) (I-a-58) (I-c-20) (I-1826) (I-a-59) (I-c-20) (I-1827) (I-a-60) (I-c-20) (I-1828) (I-a-61) (I-c-20) (I-1829) (I-a-62) (I-c-20) (I-1830) (I-a-63) (I-c-20) (I-1831) (I-a-64) (I-c-20) (I-1832) (I-a-65) (I-c-20) (I-1833) (I-a-66) (I-c-20) (I-1834) (I-a-67) (I-c-20) (I-1835) (I-a-68) (I-c-20) (I-1836) (I-a-69) (I-c-20) (I-1837) (I-a-70) (I-c-20) (I-1838) (I-a-71) (I-c-20) (I-1839) (I-a-72) (I-c-20) (I-1840) (I-a-73) (I-c-20) (I-1841) (I-a-74) (I-c-20) (I-1842) (I-a-75) (I-c-20) (I-1843) (I-a-76) (I-c-20) (I-1844) (I-a-77) (I-c-20) (I-1845) (I-a-78) (I-c-20) (I-1846) (I-a-79) (I-c-20) (I-1847) (I-a-80) (I-c-20) (I-1848) (I-a-81) (I-c-20) (I-1849) (I-a-82) (I-c-20) (I-1850) (I-a-83) (I-c-20) (I-1851) (I-a-84) (I-c-20) (I-1852) (I-a-85) (I-c-20) (I-1853) (I-a-86) (I-c-20) (I-1854) (I-a-87) (I-c-20) (I-1855) (I-a-88) (I-c-20) (I-1856) (I-a-89) (I-c-20) (I-1857) (I-a-90) (I-c-20) (I-1858) (I-a-91) (I-c-20) (I-1859) (I-a-92) (I-c-20) (I-1860) (I-a-93) (I-c-20)

Of these, the carboxylate (I) preferably includes carboxylate (I-1) to carboxylate (I-5), carboxylate (I-55) to carboxylate (I-59), carboxylate (I-109) to carboxylate (I-113), carboxylate (I-163) to carboxylate (I-167), carboxylate (I-217) to carboxylate (I-221), carboxylate (I-271) to carboxylate (I-275), carboxylate (I-325) to carboxylate (I-329), carboxylate (I-379) to carboxylate (I-383), carboxylate (I-433) to carboxylate (I-437), carboxylate (I-487) to carboxylate (I-491), carboxylate (I-541) to carboxylate (I-545), carboxylate (I-595) to carboxylate (I-599), carboxylate (I-649) to carboxylate (I-653), carboxylate (I-703) to carboxylate (I-707), carboxylate (I-757) to carboxylate (I-761), carboxylate (I-811) to carboxylate (I-815), carboxylate (I-865) to carboxylate (I-896), carboxylate (I-919) to carboxylate (I-923), carboxylate (I-973) to carboxylate (I-977), carboxylate (I-1027) to carboxylate (I-1031), carboxylate (I-1081) to carboxylate (I-1098), carboxylate (I-1120) to carboxylate (I-1137), carboxylate (I-1159) to carboxylate (I-1176), carboxylate (I-1198) to carboxylate (I-1215), carboxylate (I-1237) to carboxylate (I-1254), carboxylate (I-1276) to carboxylate (I-1293), carboxylate (I-1315) to carboxylate (I-1332), carboxylate (I-1354) to carboxylate (I-1371), carboxylate (I-1393) to carboxylate (I-1410), carboxylate (I-1432) to carboxylate (I-1449), carboxylate (I-1471) to carboxylate (I-1488), carboxylate (I-1510) to carboxylate (I-1527), carboxylate (I-1549) to carboxylate (I-1566), carboxylate (I-1588) to carboxylate (I-1605), carboxylate (I-1627) to carboxylate (I-1644), carboxylate (I-1666) to carboxylate (I-1683), carboxylate (I-1705) to carboxylate (I-1722), carboxylate (I-1744) to carboxylate (I-1761), carboxylate (I-1783) to carboxylate (I-1800) and carboxylate (I-1822) to carboxylate (I-1839).

<Method for Producing Carboxylate (I)>

The carboxylate (I) can be produced by reacting a salt represented by formula (I-a) with a salt represented by formula (I-b) in a solvent:

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above,

R^(A), R^(B) and R^(C) each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or R^(A), R^(B) and R^(C) may combine together to form an aromatic ring, and R^(D) represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Examples of the solvent in this reaction include chloroform, acetonitrile, ion-exchanged water and the like.

The reaction temperature is usually 0° C. to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually 0.5 hour to 24 hours.

Examples of the salt represented by formula (I-a) include salts represented by the following formulas, which are easily available on the market, and can also be easily produced by a known production method.

The salt represented by formula (I-b) can be synthesized with reference to the methods mentioned in JP 2011-39502 A, JP 2014-88367 A and JP 2013-200561 A, and examples thereof include the following salts.

[Carboxylic Acid Generator]

The carboxylic acid generator of the present invention is an acid generator including a carboxylate (I). The carboxylate (I) of the present invention can act as an acid generator in the resist composition. When the carboxylate (I) is used as the acid generator in the resist composition, the acid generator may include only one or two or more carboxylates (I).

The carboxylic acid generator of the present invention may include a carboxylate other than the carboxylate (I), known in the resist field. In this case, a ratio (mass ratio) of the carboxylate (I) to the carboxylate other than carboxylate (I) is usually 1:99 to 100:0, preferably 1:99 to 99:1, more preferably 2:98 to 98:2, and still more preferably 5:95 to 95:5.

[Resist Composition]

The resist composition includes a carboxylic acid generator including the carboxylate (I) of the present invention, an acid generator (B) other than the carboxylic acid generator, and a resin having an acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resin (A)”). The “acid-labile group” herein means a group having a leaving group which is eliminated by contact with an acid, thus forming a hydrophilic group (e.g., a hydroxy group or a carboxy group).

It is preferable that the resist composition further includes a quencher (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “quencher (C)”) and/or solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “solvent (E)”).

In the resist composition of the present invention, the content of the carboxylate (I) is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less, based on the solid content of the resist composition.

<Acid Generator (B)>

In the resist composition of the present invention, a ratio (mass ratio; carboxylate (I):acid generator (B)) of the content of the carboxylate (I) to that of the acid generator (B) is usually 1:99 to 100:0, preferably 1:99 to 99:1, more preferably 2:98 to 98:2, and still more preferably 5:95 to 95:5.

In the resist composition of the present invention, the total content of the carboxylate (I) and the acid generator (B) is preferably 1 part by mass or more (more preferably 3 parts by mass or more), preferably 55 parts by mass or less (more preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 45 parts by mass or less), based on 100 parts by mass of the resin (A).

Either nonionic or ionic acid generator may be used as the acid generator (B). Examples of the nonionic acid generator include sulfonate esters (e.g., 2-nitrobenzyl ester, aromatic sulfonate, oxime sulfonate, N-sulfonyloxyimide, sulfonyloxyketone, diazonaphthoquinone 4-sulfonate), sulfones (e.g., disulfone, ketosulfone, sulfonyldiazomethane) and the like. Typical examples of the ionic acid generator include onium salts containing an onium cation (e.g., diazonium salt, phosphonium salt, sulfonium salt, iodonium salt). Examples of the anion of the onium salt include sulfonic acid anion, sulfonylimide anion, sulfonylmethide anion and the like.

Specific examples of the acid generator (B) include compounds generating an acid upon exposure to radiation mentioned in JP 63-26653 A, JP 55-164824 A, JP 62-69263 A, JP 63-146038 A, JP 63-163452 A, JP 62-153853 A, JP 63-146029 A, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,779,778, 3,849,137, DE Patent No. 3914407 and EP Patent No. 126,712. Compounds produced by a known method may also be used. Two or more acid generators

(B) May Also be Used in Combination.

The acid generator (B) is preferably a fluorine-containing acid generator, and more preferably a salt represented by formula (B1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “acid generator (B1)”):

wherein, in formula (B1),

Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

L^(b1) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group,

Y represents a methyl group which may have a substituent or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO—, and

Z1⁺ represents an organic cation.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group represented by Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group and a perfluorohexyl group.

Preferably, Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) are each independently a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, and more preferably, both are fluorine atoms.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in L^(b1) include a linear alkanediyl group, a branched alkanediyl group, and a monocyclic or polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, or the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be a group formed by combining two or more of these groups.

Specific examples thereof include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a nonane-1,9-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, an undecane-1,11-diyl group, a dodecane-1,12-diyl group, a tridecane-1,13-diyl group, a tetradecane-1,14-diyl group, a pentadecane-1,15-diyl group, a hexadecane-1,16-diyl group and a heptadecane-1,17-diyl group;

branched alkanediyl groups such as an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a pentane-2,4-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group;

monocyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups which are cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group; and

polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group and an adamantane-2,6-diyl group.

The group in which —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L^(b1) is replaced by —O— or —CO— includes, for example, a group represented by any one of formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3). In groups represented by formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3) and groups represented by formula (b1-4) to formula (b1-11) which are specific examples thereof, * and ** represent a bonding site, and * represents a bonding site to —Y.

In formula (b1-1),

L^(b2) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b3) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b2) and L^(b3) is 22 or less.

In formula (b1-2),

L^(b4) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b5) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b4) and L^(b5) is 22 or less.

In formula (b1-3),

L^(b6) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group,

L^(b7) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b6) and L^(b7) is 23 or less.

In groups represented by formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3), when —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is taken as the number of carbon atoms of the saturated hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group include those which are the same as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of L^(b1).

L^(b2) is preferably a single bond.

L^(b3) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

L^(b4) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.

L^(b5) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b6) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.

L^(b7) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

The group in which —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L^(b1) is replaced by —O— or —CO— is preferably a group represented by formula (b1-1) or formula (b1-3).

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-1) include groups represented by formula (b1-4) to formula (b1-8).

In formula (b1-4),

L^(b8) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group.

In formula (b1-5),

L^(b9) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

L^(b10) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b9) and L^(b10) is 20 or less.

In formula (b1-6),

L^(b11) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms,

L^(b12) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b11) and L^(b12) is 21 or less.

In formula (b1-7),

L^(b13) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms,

L^(b14) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

L^(b15) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b13) to L^(b15) is 19 or less.

In formula (b1-8),

L^(b16) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

L^(b17) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,

L^(b18) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b16) to L^(b18) is 19 or less.

L^(b8) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

L^(b9) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b10) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b11) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b12) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b13) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

L^(b14) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

L^(b15) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b16) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

L^(b17) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

L^(b18) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-3) include groups represented by formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11).

In formula (b1-9),

L^(b19) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b20) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkylcarbonyloxy group, —CH₂— included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b19) and L^(b20) is 23 or less.

In formula (b1-10),

L^(b21) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b22) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms,

L^(b23) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkylcarbonyloxy group, —CH₂— included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b21), L^(b22) and L^(b23) is 21 or less.

In formula (b1-11),

L^(b24) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b25) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms,

L^(b26) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkylcarbonyloxy group, —CH₂— included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b24), L^(b25) and L^(b26) is 21 or less.

In groups represented by formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11), when a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group is substituted with an alkylcarbonyloxy group, the number of carbon atoms before substitution is taken as the number of carbon atoms of the saturated hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group, a cyclohexylcarbonyloxy group, an adamantylcarbonyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-4) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-5) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-6) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-7) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-8) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-2) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-9) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-10) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-11) include the followings:

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y include groups represented by formula (Y1) to formula (Y11) and formula (Y36) to formula (Y38).

When —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y is replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO—, the number may be 1, or 2 or more. Examples of such group include groups represented by formula (Y12) to formula (Y35) and formula (Y39) to formula (Y43). * represents a bond to L^(b1).

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y is preferably a group represented by any one of formula (Y1) to formula (Y20), formula (Y26), formula (Y27), formula (Y30), formula (Y31) and formula (Y39) to formula (Y43), more preferably a group represented by formula (Y11), formula (Y15), formula (Y16), formula (Y20), formula (Y26), formula (Y27), formula (Y30), formula (Y31), formula (Y39), formula (Y40), formula (Y42) or formula (Y43), and still more preferably a group represented by formula (Y11), formula (Y15), formula (Y20), formula (Y26), formula (Y27), formula (Y30), formula (Y31), formula (Y39), formula (Y40), formula (Y42) or formula (Y43).

When the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y is a spiro ring containing an oxygen atom, such as formula (Y28) to formula (Y35), formula (Y39), formula (Y40), formula (Y42) or formula (Y43), the alkanediyl group between two oxygen atoms preferably has one or more fluorine atoms. Of alkanediyl groups included in a ketal structure, it is preferable that a methylene group adjacent to the oxygen atom is not substituted with a fluorine atom.

Examples of the substituent of the methyl group represented by Y include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a glycidyloxy group, a —(CH₂)_(ja)—CO—O—R^(b1) group or a —(CH₂)_(ja)—O—CO—R^(b1) group (wherein R^(b1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, —CH₂— included in the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —SO₂— or —CO—, a hydrogen atom included in the alkyl group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, and ja represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Examples of the substituent of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hydroxy group (—CH₂— included in the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, a glycidyloxy group, a —(CH₂)_(ja)—CO—O—R^(b1) group or a —(CH₂)_(ja)—O—CO—R^(b1) group (wherein R^(b1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, —CH₂— included in the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —SO₂— or —CO—, a hydrogen atom included in the alkyl group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, and ja represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a norbornyl group, an adamantyl group and the like. The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have a chain hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 12, and more preferably 3 to 10.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group and a phenanthryl group. The aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a chain hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a p-ethylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group, etc.), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms (a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, etc.). The number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 6 to 14, and more preferably 6 to 10.

Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 4.

Examples of the alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group include hydroxyalkyl groups such as a hydroxymethyl group and a hydroxyethyl group.

Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, a naphthylmethyl group and a naphthylethyl group.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the alkyl group is replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO— include an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, a heptyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a decyloxy group and a dodecyloxy group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group is preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 4.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxycarbonyl group is preferably 2 to 12, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylcarbonyl group is preferably 2 to 12, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylcarbonyloxy group is preferably 2 to 12, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4.

Examples of the combined group include a group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkyl group, a group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkoxy group, a group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkylcarbonyl group, a group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkylcarbonyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkyl group include alkoxyalkyl groups such as a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, an ethoxyethyl group and an ethoxymethyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxyalkyl group is preferably 2 to 12, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4.

Examples of the group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkoxy group include alkoxyalkoxy groups such as a methoxymethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, an ethoxymethoxy group and an ethoxyethoxy group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxyalkoxy group is preferably 2 to 12, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4.

Examples of the group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkylcarbonyl group include alkoxyalkylcarbonyl groups such as a methoxyacetyl group, a methoxypropionyl group, an ethoxyacetyl group and an ethoxypropionyl group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxyalkylcarbonyl group is preferably 3 to 13, more preferably 3 to 7, and still more preferably 3 to 5.

Examples of the group obtained by combining an alkoxy group with an alkylcarbonyloxy group include alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxy groups such as a methoxyacetyloxy group, a methoxypropionyloxy group, an ethoxyacetyloxy group and an ethoxypropionyloxy group. The number of carbon atoms of the alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxy group is preferably 3 to 13, more preferably 3 to 7, and still more preferably 3 to 5.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO— include groups represented by formula (Y12) to formula (Y35) and formula (Y39) to formula (Y43).

Examples of Y include the followings.

Y is preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, more preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, still more preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and yet more preferably an adamantyl group which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group or the adamantyl group may be replaced by —CO—, —S(O)₂— or —CO—. Specifically, Y is preferably an adamantyl group, a hydroxyadamantyl group, an oxoadamantyl group, or groups represented by formula (Y42), formula (Y100) to formula (Y114).

The anion in the salt represented by formula (B1) is preferably anions represented by formula (B1-A-1) to formula (B1-A-59) [hereinafter sometimes referred to as “anion (B1-A-1)” according to the number of formula], and more preferably an anion represented by any one of formula (B1-A-1) to formula (B1-A-4), formula (B1-A-9), formula (B1-A-10), formula (B1-A-24) to formula (B1-A-33), formula (B1-A-36) to formula (B1-A-40) and formula (B1-A-47) to formula (B1-A-59).

R¹² to R¹⁷ each independently represent, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. R¹⁸ is, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group. L^(A4) is a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) are the same as defined above.

Specific examples of the anion in the salt represented by formula (B1) include anions mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A.

Preferable anion in the salt represented by formula (B1) includes anions represented by formula (B1a-1) to formula (B1a-38).

Of these, an anion represented by any one of formula (B1a-1) to formula (B1a-3), formula (B1a-7) to formula (B1a-16), formula (B1a-18), formula (B1a-19) and formula (B1a-22) to formula (B1a-38) is preferable.

Examples of the organic cation of Z1⁺ include an organic onium cation, an organic sulfonium cation, an organic iodonium cation, an organic ammonium cation, a benzothiazolium cation and an organic phosphonium cation. Of these, an organic sulfonium cation and an organic iodonium cation are preferable, and an aryl sulfonium cation is more preferable. Specific examples thereof include a cation represented by any one of formula (b2-1) to formula (b2-4) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “cation (b2-1)” according to the number of formula).

In formula (b2-1) to formula (b2-4),

R^(b4) to R^(b6) each independently represent a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a glycidyloxy group, and a hydrogen atom included in the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

R^(b4) and R^(b5) may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with sulfur atoms to which R^(b4) and R^(b5) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the ring may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—,

R^(b7) and R^(b8) each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

m2 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5,

when m2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b7) may be the same or different, and when n2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b8) may be the same or different,

R^(b9) and R^(b10) each independently represent a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms,

R^(b9) and R^(b10) may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with sulfur atoms to which R^(b9) and R^(b10) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the ring may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—,

R^(b11) represents a hydrogen atom, a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,

R^(b12) represents a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

R^(b11) and R^(b12) may be bonded to each other to form a ring, including —CH—CO— to which R^(b11) and R^(b12) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the ring may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—,

R^(b13) to R^(b18) each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

L^(b31) represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,

o2, p2, s2 and t2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5,

q2 and r2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4,

u2 represents 0 or 1, and

when o2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b13) are the same or different, when p2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b14) are the same or different, when q2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b15) are the same or different, when r2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b16) are the same or different, when s2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b17) are the same or different, and when t2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b18) are the same or different.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon group represents a chain hydrocarbon group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group and a 2-ethylhexyl group.

Particularly, the chain hydrocarbon group of R^(b9) to R^(b12) preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, and examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group and a cyclodecyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups.

Particularly, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(b9) to R^(b12) preferably has 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a 2-methyladamantan-2-yl group, a 2-ethyladamantan-2-yl group, a 2-isopropyladamantan-2-yl group, a methylnorbornyl group, an isobornyl group and the like. In the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 20 or less.

The alkyl fluoride group represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which has a fluorine atom, and examples thereof include a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluorobutyl and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl fluoride group is preferably 1 to 9, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group and a phenanthryl group. The aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a chain hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group having a chain hydrocarbon group include a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a p-ethylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group and the like, and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group and the like. When the aromatic hydrocarbon group has a chain hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an alkoxy group include a p-methoxyphenyl group and the like.

Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group include aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, a trityl group, a naphthylmethyl group and a naphthylethyl group.

Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, a heptyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a decyloxy group and a dodecyloxy group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group.

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include a methylcarbonyloxy group, an ethylcarbonyloxy group, a propylcarbonyloxy group, an isopropylcarbonyloxy group, a butylcarbonyloxy group, a sec-butylcarbonyloxy group, a tert-butylcarbonyloxy group, a pentylcarbonyloxy group, a hexylcarbonyloxy group, an octylcarbonyloxy group and a 2-ethylhexylcarbonyloxy group.

The ring formed by bonding R^(b4) and R^(b5) each other, together with sulfur atoms to which R^(b4) and R^(b5) are bonded, may be a monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, nonaromatic, saturated or unsaturated ring. This ring includes a ring having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and is preferably a ring having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. The ring containing a sulfur atom includes a 3-membered to 12-membered ring and is preferably a 3-membered to 7-membered ring and includes, for example, the following rings and the like. * represents a bonding site.

The ring formed by combining R^(b9) and R^(b10) together may be a monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, nonaromatic, saturated or unsaturated ring. This ring includes a 3-membered to 12-membered ring and is preferably a 3-membered to 7-membered ring. The ring includes, for example, a thiolan-1-ium ring (tetrahydrothiophenium ring), a thian-1-ium ring, a 1,4-oxathian-4-ium ring and the like.

The ring formed by combining R^(b11) and R^(b12) together may be a monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, nonaromatic, saturated or unsaturated ring. This ring includes a 3-membered to 12-membered ring and is preferably a 3-membered to 7-membered ring. Examples thereof include an oxocycloheptane ring, an oxocyclohexane ring, an oxonorbornane ring, an oxoadamantane ring and the like.

Of cation (b2-1) to cation (b2-4), a cation (b2-1) is preferable.

Examples of the cation (b2-1) include the following cations.

Examples of the cation (b2-2) include the following cations and the like.

Examples of the cation (b2-3) include the following cations and the like.

Examples of the cation (b2-4) include the following cations and the like.

The acid generator (B) is a combination of the anion mentioned above and the organic cation mentioned above, and these can be optionally combined. The acid generator (B) preferably includes a combination of an anion represented by any one of formula (B1a-1) to formula (B1a-3), formula (B1a-7) to formula (B1a-16), formula (B1a-18), formula (B1a-19) and formula (B1a-22) to formula (B1a-38) with a cation (b2-1), a cation (b2-3) or a cation (b2-4).

The acid generator (B) preferably includes those represented by formula (B1-1) to formula (B1-56). Of these, acid generators, those containing an arylsulfonium cation are preferable and those represented by formula (B1-1) to formula (B1-3), formula (B1-5) to formula (B1-7), formula (B1-11) to formula (B1-14), formula (B1-20) to formula (B1-26), formula (B1-29) and formula (B1-31) to formula (B1-56) are particularly preferable.

<Resin (A)>

The resin (A) includes a structural unit having an acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1)”). It is preferable that the resin (A) further includes a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1). Examples of the structural unit other than the structural unit (a1) include a structural unit having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (s)”), a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1) and the structural unit (s) (e.g. a structural unit having a halogen atom mentioned later (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a4)”), a structural unit having a non-leaving hydrocarbon group mentioned later (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a5)”) and other structural units derived from monomers known in the art.

<Structural Unit (a1)>

The structural unit (a1) is derived from a monomer having an acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “monomer (a1)”).

The acid-labile group contained in the resin (A) is preferably a group represented by formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as group (1)) and/or a group represented by formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as group (2)):

wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, and R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms together with carbon atoms to which R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded,

ma and na each independently represent 0 or 1, and at least one of ma and na represents 1, and

* represents a bonding site:

wherein, in formula (2), R^(a1′) and R^(a2′) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R^(a3′) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic ring having 3 to 20 carbon atoms together with carbon atoms and X to which R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group and the heterocyclic ring may be replaced by —O— or —S—,

X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,

na′ represents 0 or 1, and

* represents a bonding site.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkenyl group in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a tert-butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, a heptenyl group, an octenyl group, an isooctenyl group, a nonenyl group and the like.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bonding site). The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) is preferably 3 to 16.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group and a phenanthryl group.

Examples of the combined group include groups obtained by combining the above-mentioned alkyl group and alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkylcycloalkyl groups or cycloalkylalkyl groups, such as a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a methylnorbornyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, an adamantylmethyl group, an adamantyldimethyl group and a norbornylethyl group), aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alkyl group (a p-methylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, etc.), aryl-cycloalkyl groups such as a phenylcyclohexyl group, and the like.

Preferably, ma is 0 and na is 1

When R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, examples of —C(R^(a1))(R^(a2))(R^(a3)) include the following rings. The alicyclic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 12 carbon atoms. * represents a bonding site to —O—.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group in R^(a1′), R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include those which are the same as mentioned in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3).

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group and a phenanthryl group.

Examples of the combined group include groups obtained by combining the above-mentioned alkyl group and alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkylcycloalkyl groups or cycloalkylalkyl groups, such as a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a methylnorbornyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, an adamantylmethyl group, an adamantyldimethyl group and a norbornylethyl group), aralkyl groups (a benzyl group, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alkyl group (a p-methylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenylcyclohexyl group, etc.) and the like.

When R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded to each other together with carbon atoms and X to which R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded, examples of —C(R^(a1′)) (R^(a2′))—X—R^(a3′) include the following rings. * represents a bonding site.

Of R^(a1′) and R^(a2′), at least one is preferably a hydrogen atom.

na′ is preferably 0.

Examples of the group (1) include the following groups.

A group wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) are alkyl groups, ma=0 and na=1. The group is preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.

A group wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded to each other to form an adamantyl group together with carbon atoms to which R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded, R^(a3) is an alkyl group, ma=0 and na=1.

A group wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1) and R^(a2) are each independently an alkyl group, R^(a3) is an adamantyl group, ma=0 and na=1.

Specific examples of the group (1) include the following groups. * represents a bonding site.

Specific examples of the group (2) include the following groups. * represents a bonding site.

The monomer (a1) is preferably a monomer having an acid-labile group and an ethylenic unsaturated bond, and more preferably a (meth)acrylic monomer having an acid-labile group.

Of the (meth)acrylic monomers having an acid-labile group, those having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms are preferably exemplified. When a resin (A) including a structural unit derived from a monomer (a1) having a bulky structure such as an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is used in a resist composition, it is possible to improve the resolution of a resist pattern.

The structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic monomer having a group (1) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a1-0) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-0)), a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-1)) or a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-2)). Preferably, the structural unit is at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a1-1) and a structural unit (a1-2). These structural units may be used alone, or two or more structural units may be used in combination.

In formula (a1-0), formula (a1-1) and formula (a1-2),

L^(a01), L^(a1) and L^(a2) each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k1)—CO—O—, k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bonding site to —CO—,

R^(a01), R^(a4) and R^(a5) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a02), R^(a03) and R^(a04) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups,

R^(a6) and R^(a7) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups,

m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14,

n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and

n1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.

R^(a01), R^(a4) and R^(a5) are a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.

L^(a01), L^(a1) and L^(a2) are preferably an oxygen atom or *—O—(CH₂)_(k01)—CO—O— (in which k01 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably 1), and more preferably an oxygen atom.

Examples of the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining these groups in R^(a02), R^(a03), R^(a04), R^(a6) and R^(a7) include the same groups as mentioned for R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) of formula (1).

The alkyl group in R^(a02), R^(a03), and R^(a04) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group.

The alkyl group in R^(a6) and R^(a7) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group or a t-butyl group, and still more preferably an ethyl group, an isopropyl group or a t-butyl group.

The alkenyl group in R^(a6) and R^(a7) is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group or a butenyl group.

The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(a02), R^(a03), R^(a04), R^(a6) and R^(a7) is preferably 5 to 12, and more preferably 5 to 10.

The number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group of R^(a02), R^(a03), R^(a04), R^(a6) and R^(a7) is preferably 6 to 12, and more preferably 6 to 10.

The total number of carbon atoms of the group obtained by combining the alkyl group with the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 18 or less.

The total number of carbon atoms of the group obtained by combining the alkyl group with the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 18 or less.

R^(a02) and R^(a03) are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.

R^(a04) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group.

Preferably, R^(a6) and R^(a7) are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a t-butyl group, an ethenyl group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and still more preferably an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a t-butyl group, an ethenyl group or a phenyl group.

m1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1.

n1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1.

n1′ is preferably 0 or 1.

The structural unit (a1-0) includes, for example, a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-0-1) to formula (a1-0-18) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a01) in the structural unit (a1-0) is substituted with a hydrogen atom and is preferably a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-0-1) to formula (a1-0-10), formula (a1-0-13) and formula (a1-0-14).

The structural unit (a1-1) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A. Of these structural units, a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-1-1) to formula (a1-1-7) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a4) in the structural unit (a1-1) is substituted with a hydrogen atom are preferable, and a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-1-1) to formula (a1-1-4) is more preferable.

Examples of the structural unit (a1-2) include a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-2-1) to formula (a1-2-12) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a5) in the structural unit (a1-2) is substituted with a hydrogen atom, and a structure unit represented by any one of formula (a1-2-2), formula (a1-2-5), formula (a1-2-6) and formula (a1-2-10) to formula (a1-2-12) is preferable.

When the resin (A) includes a structural unit (a1-0), the content thereof is usually 5 to 60 mol %, preferably 5 to 50 mol %, and more preferably 10 to 40 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

When the resin (A) includes a structural unit (a1-1) and/or a structural unit (a1-2), the total content thereof is usually 10 to 95 mol %, preferably 15 to 85 mol %, more preferably 15 to 80 mol %, still more preferably 20 to 80 mol %, and yet more preferably 20 to 75 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

In the structural unit (a1), examples of the structural unit having a group (2) include a structural unit represented by formula (a1-4) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-4)”):

wherein, in formula (a1-4),

R^(a32) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a33) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group,

A^(a30) represents a single bond or *—X^(a31)-(A^(a32)-X^(a32))_(nc)—, * represents a bonding site to carbon atoms to which —R^(a32) is bonded,

A^(a32) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

X^(a31) and X^(a32) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—,

nc represents 0 or 1,

la represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when la is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a33) may be the same or different from each other, and

R^(a34) and R^(a35) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R^(a36) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R^(a35) and R^(a36) are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms together with —C—O— to which R^(a35) and R^(a36) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group and the divalent hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —S—.

Examples of the halogen atom in R^(a32) and R^(a33) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom in R^(a32) include a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a methyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, an ethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a propyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl group, a butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group and a perfluorohexyl group.

R^(a32) is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a33) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group.

Examples of the alkoxy group in R^(a33) include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, a pentyloxy group and a hexyloxy group. The alkoxy group is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group, and still more preferably a methoxy group.

Examples of the alkoxyalkyl group in R^(a33) include a methoxymethyl group, an ethoxyethyl group, a propoxymethyl group, an isopropoxymethyl group, a butoxymethyl group, a sec-butoxymethyl group and a tert-butoxymethyl group. The alkoxyalkyl group is preferably an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxymethyl group or an ethoxyethyl group, and still more preferably a methoxymethyl group.

Examples of the alkoxyalkoxy group in R^(a33) include a methoxymethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, an ethoxymethoxy group, an ethoxyethoxy group, a propoxymethoxy group, an isopropoxymethoxy group, a butoxymethoxy group, a sec-butoxymethoxy group and a tert-butoxymethoxy group. The alkoxyalkoxy group is preferably an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methoxyethoxy group or an ethoxyethoxy group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group in R^(a33) include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group. The alkylcarbonyl group is preferably an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably an acetyl group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group in R^(a33) include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group and a butyryloxy group. The alkylcarbonyloxy group is preferably an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably an acetyloxy group.

R^(a33) is preferably a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an ethoxyethoxy group or an ethoxymethoxy group, and still more preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, a methoxy group or an ethoxyethoxy group.

Examples of the *—X^(a31)-(A^(a32)-X^(a32))_(nc)— include *—O—, *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, *—CO—O-A^(a32)-CO—O—, *—O—CO-A^(a32)-O—, *—O-A^(a32)-CO—O—, *—CO—O-A^(a32)-O—CO— and *—O—CO-A^(a32)-O—CO. Of these, *—CO—O—, *—CO—O-A^(a32)-CO—O— or *—O-A^(a32)-CO—O— is preferable.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in A^(a32) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

A^(a32) is preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

A^(a30) is preferably a single bond, *—CO—O— or *—CO—O-A^(a32)-CO—O—, more preferably a single bond, *—CO—O— or *—CO—O—CH₂—CO—O—, and still more preferably a single bond or *—CO—O—.

la is preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and still more preferably 0.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group in R^(a34), R^(a35) and R^(a36) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group and the like.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bonding site).

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group and a phenanthryl group.

Examples of the combined group include groups obtained by combining the above-mentioned alkyl group and alicyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkylcycloalkyl groups or cycloalkylalkyl groups, such as a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a methylnorbornyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, an adamantylmethyl group, an adamantyldimethyl group and a norbornylethyl group), aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alkyl group (a p-methylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, etc.), aryl-cycloalkyl groups such as a phenylcyclohexyl group and the like. Particularly, examples of R^(a36) include an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups.

R^(a34) is preferably a hydrogen atom, and

R^(a35) is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

The hydrocarbon group of R^(a36) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R^(a36) are preferably unsubstituted. The aromatic hydrocarbon group in R^(a36) is preferably an aromatic ring having an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

—OC(R^(a34)) (R^(a35))—O—R^(a36) in the structural unit (a1-4) is eliminated by contacting with an acid (e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid) to form a hydroxy group.

—OC(R^(a34)) (R^(a35))—O—R^(a36) is preferably bonded to the ortho-position or the para-position of the benzene ring, and more preferably the para-position.

The structural unit (a1-4) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A. The structural unit preferably includes structural units represented by formula (a1-4-1) to formula (a1-4-18) and a structural unit in which a hydrogen atom corresponding to R^(a32) in the constitutional unit (a1-4) is substituted with a methyl group, and more preferably structural units represented by formula (a1-4-1) to formula (a1-4-5), formula (a1-4-10), formula (a1-4-13) and formula (a1-4-14).

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a1-4), the content is preferably 5 to 60 mol %, more preferably 5 to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 10 to 40 mol %, based on the total of all structural units of the resin (A).

The structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic monomer having a group (2) also includes a structural unit represented by formula (a1-5) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-5)”).

In formula (a1-5),

R^(a8) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,

Z^(a1) represents a single bond or *—(CH₂)_(h3)—CO-L⁵⁴-, h3 represents an integer of 1 to 4, and * represents a bonding site to L⁵¹,

L⁵¹, L⁵², L⁵³ and L⁵⁴ each independently represent —O— or —S—,

s1 represents an integer of 1 to 3, and

s1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.

The halogen atom includes a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom and is preferably a fluorine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a fluoromethyl group and a trifluoromethyl group.

In formula (a1-5), R^(a8) is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group,

L⁵¹ is preferably an oxygen atom,

one of L⁵² and L⁵³ is preferably —O— and the other one is preferably —S—,

s1 is preferably 1,

s1′ is preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and

Z^(a1) is preferably a single bond or *—CH₂—CO—O—.

The structural unit (a1-5) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-61117 A. Of these structural units, structural units represented by formula (a1-5-1) to formula (a1-5-4) are preferable, and structural units represented by formula (a1-5-1) or formula (a1-5-2) are more preferable.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a1-5), the content is preferably 1 to 50 mol %, more preferably 3 to 45 mol %, still more preferably 5 to 40 mol %, and yet more preferably 5 to 30 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

The structural unit (a1) also includes, for example, a structural unit represented by formula (a1-0X) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-0X)):

wherein, in formula (a1-0X),

R^(x1) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(x2) and R^(x3) each independently represent a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and

Ar^(x1) represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group as for R^(x2) and R^(x3) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a group formed by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group and the like.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, and examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and the like.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group as for Ar^(x1) include aryl groups having 6 to 36 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and an anthryl group.

The aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and still more preferably is a phenyl group.

Ar^(x1) is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and still more preferably a phenyl group.

Preferably, R^(x1), R^(x2) and R^(x3) each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.

Examples of the structural unit (a1-0X) include structural units in the following and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(x1) in the structural unit (a1-0X) is substituted with a hydrogen atom. The structural unit (a1-0X) is preferably a structural unit (a1-0X-1) to a structural unit (a1-0X-3).

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a1-0X), the content is preferably 5 to 60 mol %, more preferably to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 10 to 40 mol %, based on all monomers in the resin (A).

The resin (A) may include two or more of structural units (a1-0X).

The structural unit (a1) also includes the following structural units.

When the resin (A) includes the above structural units, the content is preferably 5 to 60 mol %, more preferably 5 to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 10 to 40 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (s)>

The structural unit (s) is derived from a monomer having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “monomer (s)”). It is possible to use, as the monomer from which the structural unit (s) is derived, a monomer having no acid-labile group known in the resist field.

The structural unit (s) preferably has a hydroxy group or a lactone ring. When a resin including a structural unit having a hydroxy group and having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2)”) and/or a structural unit having a lactone ring and having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a3)”) is used in the resist composition of the present invention, it is possible to improve the resolution of a resist pattern and the adhesion to a substrate.

<Structural Unit (a2)>

The hydroxy group possessed by the structural unit (a2) may be either an alcoholic hydroxy group or a phenolic hydroxy group.

When a resist pattern is produced from the resist composition of the present invention, in the case of using, as an exposure source, high energy rays such as KrF excimer laser (248 nm), electron beam or extreme ultraviolet light (EUV), a structural unit (a2) having a phenolic hydroxy group is preferably used, and the below-mentioned structural unit (a2-A) is more preferably used, as the structural unit (a2). When using ArF excimer laser (193 nm) or the like, a structural unit (a2) having an alcoholic hydroxy group is preferably used, and the below-mentioned structural unit (a2-1) is more preferably used, as the structural unit (a2). The structural unit (a2) may be included alone, or two or more structural units may be included.

In the structural unit (a2), examples of the structural unit having a phenolic hydroxy group include a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2-A)”).

wherein, in formula (a2-A),

R^(a50) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a51) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group,

A^(a50) represents a single bond or *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)—, and * represents a bonding site to carbon atoms to which —R^(a50) is bonded,

A^(a52) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

X^(a51) and X^(a52) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—,

nb represents 0 or 1, and

mb represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when mb is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a51) may be the same or different from each other.

Examples of the halogen atom in R^(a50) and R^(a51) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom in R^(a50) include a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a methyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, an ethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a propyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl group, a butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group and a perfluorohexyl group.

R^(a50) is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a51) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group. The alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group.

Examples of the alkoxy group in R^(a51) include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group and a tert-butoxy group. The alkoxy group is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group, and still more preferably a methoxy group.

Examples of the alkoxyalkyl group in R^(a51) include a methoxymethyl group, an ethoxyethyl group, a propoxymethyl group, an isopropoxymethyl group, a butoxymethyl group, a sec-butoxymethyl group and a tert-butoxymethyl group. The alkoxyalkyl group is preferably an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxymethyl group or an ethoxyethyl group, and still more preferably a methoxymethyl group.

Examples of the alkoxyalkoxy group in R^(a51) include a methoxymethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, an ethoxymethoxy group, an ethoxyethoxy group, a propoxymethoxy group, an isopropoxymethoxy group, a butoxymethoxy group, a sec-butoxymethoxy group and a tert-butoxymethoxy group. The alkoxyalkoxy group is preferably an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methoxyethoxy group or an ethoxyethoxy group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group in R^(a51) include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group. The alkylcarbonyl group is preferably an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably an acetyl group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group in R^(a51) include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group and a butyryloxy group. The alkylcarbonyloxy group is preferably an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably an acetyloxy group.

R^(a51) is preferably a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an ethoxyethoxy group or an ethoxymethoxy group, and still more preferably a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, a methoxy group or an ethoxyethoxy group.

Examples of *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)— include *—O—, *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, *—CO—O-A^(a52)-CO—O—, *—O—CO-A^(a52)-O—, *—O-A^(a52)-CO—O—, *—CO—O-A^(a52)-O—CO— and *—O—CO-A^(a52)-O—CO—. Of these, *—CO—O—, *—CO—O-A^(a52)-CO—O— or *—O-A^(a52)-CO—O— is preferable.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in A^(a52) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

A^(a52) is preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

A^(a50) is preferably a single bond, *—CO—O— or *—CO—O-A^(a52)-CO—O—, more preferably a single bond, *—CO—O— or *—CO—O—CH₂—CO—O—, and still more preferably a single bond or *—CO—O—.

mb is preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and still more preferably 0.

The hydroxy group is preferably bonded to the ortho-position or the para-position of a benzene ring, and more preferably the para-position.

Examples of the structural unit (a2-A) include structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204634 A and JP 2012-12577 A.

Examples of the structural unit (a2-A) include structural units represented by formula (a2-2-1) to formula (a2-2-16) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a50) in the structural unit (a2-A) is substituted with a hydrogen atom in structural units represented by formula (a2-2-1) to formula (a2-2-16). The structural unit (a2-A) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-1), a structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-3), a structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-6), a structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-8) and structural units represented by formula (a2-2-12) to formula (a2-2-14), and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a50) in the structural unit (a2-A) is substituted with a hydrogen atom in these structural units.

When the structural unit (a2-A) is included in the resin (A), the content of the structural unit (a2-A) is preferably 5 to 80 mol %, more preferably 10 to 70 mol %, still more preferably 15 to 65 mol %, and yet more preferably 20 to 65 mol %, based on all structural units.

The structural unit (a2-A) can be included in a resin (A) by polymerizing, for example, with a structural unit (a1-4) and treating with an acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. The structural unit (a2-A) can also be included in the resin (A) by polymerizing with acetoxystyrene and treating with an alkali such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

Examples of the structural unit having an alcoholic hydroxy group in the structural unit (a2) include a structural unit represented by formula (a2-1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2-1)”).

In formula (a2-1),

L^(a3) represents —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k2)—CO—O—,

k2 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bonding site to —CO—,

R^(a14) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a15) and R^(a16) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxy group, and

o1 represents an integer of 0 to 10.

In formula (a2-1), L^(a3) is preferably —O— or —O—(CH₂)_(f1)—CO—O— (f1 represents an integer of 1 to 4), and more preferably —O—,

R^(a14) is preferably a methyl group,

R^(a15) is preferably a hydrogen atom,

R^(a16) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group, and

o1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1.

The structural unit (a2-1) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A. A structural unit represented by any one of formula (a2-1-1) to formula (a2-1-6) is preferable, a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a2-1-1) to formula (a2-1-4) is more preferable, and a structural unit represented by formula (a2-1-1) or formula (a2-1-3) is still more preferable.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a2-1), the content is usually 1 to 45 mol %, preferably 1 to 40 mol %, more preferably 1 to 35 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, and yet more preferably 1 to 10 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (a3)>

The lactone ring possessed by the structural unit (a3) may be a monocyclic ring such as a (3-propiolactone ring, a γ-butyrolactone ring or a 5-valerolactone ring, or a condensed ring of a monocyclic lactone ring and the other ring. Preferably, a γ-butyrolactone ring, an adamantanelactone ring or a bridged ring including a γ-butyrolactone ring structure (e.g. a structural unit represented by the following formula (a3-2)) is exemplified.

The structural unit (a3) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a3-1), formula (a3-2), formula (a3-3) or formula (a3-4). These structural units may be included alone, or two or more structural units may be included:

wherein, in formula (a3-1), formula (a3-2), formula (a3-3) and formula (a3-4),

L^(a4), L^(a5) and L^(a6) each independently represent —O— or a group represented by *—O—(CH₂)_(k3)—CO—O— (k3 represents an integer of 1 to 7),

L^(a7) represents —O—, *—O-L^(a8)-O—, *—O-L^(a8)-CO—O—, *—O-L^(a8)-CO—O-L^(a9)-CO—O— or *—O-L^(a8)-O—CO-L^(a9)-O—,

L^(a8) and L^(a9) each independently represent an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

* represents a bonding site to a carbonyl group,

R^(a18), R^(a19) and R^(a20) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a24) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

X^(a3) represents —CH₂— or an oxygen atom,

R^(a21) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

R^(a22), R^(a23) and R^(a25) each independently represent a carboxy group, a cyano group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

p1 represents an integer of 0 to 5,

q1 represents an integer of 0 to 3,

r1 represents an integer of 0 to 3,

w1 represents an integer of 0 to 8, and

when p1, q1, r1 and/or w1 is/are 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a21), R^(a22), R^(a23) and/or R^(a25) may be the same or different from each other.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in R^(a21), R^(a22), R^(a23) and R^(a25) include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group.

Examples of the halogen atom in R^(a24) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a24) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group, and the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group having a halogen atom in R^(a24) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a trichloromethyl group, a tribromomethyl group, a triiodomethyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in L^(a8) and L^(a9) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

In formula (a3-1) to formula (a3-3), preferably, L^(a4) to L^(a6) are each independently —O— or a group in which k3 is an integer of 1 to 4 in *—O—(CH₂)_(k3)—CO—O—, more preferably —O— and *—O—CH₂—CO—O—, and still more preferably an oxygen atom,

R^(a18) to R^(a21) are preferably a methyl group,

preferably, R^(a22) and R^(a23) are each independently a carboxy group, a cyano group or a methyl group, and

preferably, p1, q1 and r1 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.

In formula (a3-4), R^(a24) is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a25) is preferably a carboxy group, a cyano group or a methyl group,

L^(a7) is preferably —O— or *—O-L^(a8)-CO—O—, and more preferably —O—, —O—CH₂—CO—O— or —O—C₂H₄—CO—O—, and

w1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.

Particularly, formula (a3-4) is preferably formula (a3-4)′:

wherein R^(a24) and L^(a7) are the same as defined above.

Examples of the structural unit (a3) include structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A, the monomers mentioned in JP 2000-122294 A and the monomers mentioned in JP 2012-41274 A. The structural unit (a3) is preferably a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a3-1-1), formula (a3-1-2), formula (a3-2-1), formula (a3-2-2), formula (a3-3-1), formula (a3-3-2) and formula (a3-4-1) to formula (a3-4-12), and structural units in which methyl groups corresponding to R^(a18), R^(a19), R^(a20) and R^(a24) in formula (a3-1) to formula (a3-4) are substituted with hydrogen atoms in the above structural units.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a3), the total content is usually 1 to 70 mol %, preferably 1 to 65 mol %, and more preferably 1 to 60 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

Each content of the structural unit (a3-1), the structural unit (a3-2), the structural unit (a3-3) or the structural unit (a3-4) is preferably 1 to 60 mol %, more preferably 1 to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 1 to 50 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (a4)>

Examples of the structural unit (a4) include the following structural units:

wherein, in formula (a4),

R⁴¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and

R⁴² represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which has a fluorine atom, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R⁴² include a chain saturated hydrocarbon group and a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the chain saturated hydrocarbon group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group and an octadecyl group.

Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; and polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bonding site).

Examples of the group formed by combination include groups obtained by combining one or more alkyl groups or one or more alkanediyl groups with one or more alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups, and include an alkanediyl group-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group, an alkanediyl group-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group and the like.

Examples of the structural unit (a4) include a structural unit represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of formula (a4-0), formula (a4-1), formula (a4-2), formula (a4-3) and formula (a4-4):

wherein, in formula (a4-0),

R^(5a) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

L^(4a) represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

L^(3a) represents a perfluoroalkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a perfluorocycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and

R^(6a) represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in L^(4a) include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group and a butane-1,4-diyl group; and branched alkanediyl groups such as an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group and a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group.

Examples of the perfluoroalkanediyl group in L^(3a) include a difluoromethylene group, a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropane-1,1-diyl group, a perfluoropropane-1,3-diyl group, a perfluoropropane-1,2-diyl group, a perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorobutane-1,4-diyl group, a perfluorobutane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorobutane-1,2-diyl group, a perfluoropentane-1,5-diyl group, a perfluoropentane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluoropentane-3,3-diyl group, a perfluorohexane-1,6-diyl group, a perfluorohexane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorohexane-3,3-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-1,7-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-3,4-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-4,4-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-1,8-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-3,3-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-4,4-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the perfluorocycloalkanediyl group in L^(3a) include a perfluorocyclohexanediyl group, a perfluorocyclopentanediyl group, a perfluorocycloheptanediyl group, a perfluoroadamantanediyl group and the like.

L^(4a) is preferably a single bond, a methylene group or an ethylene group, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group.

L^(3a) is preferably a perfluoroalkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a perfluoroalkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Examples of the structural unit (a4-0) include the following structural units, and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(5a) in the structural unit (a4-0) in the following structural units is substituted with a hydrogen atom:

wherein, in formula (a4-1),

R^(a41) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a42) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

A^(a41) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a group represented by formula (a-g1), in which at least one of A^(a41) and R^(a42) has, as a substituent, a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom):

[in which, in formula (a-g1),

s represents 0 or 1,

A^(a42) and A^(a44) each independently represent a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent,

A^(a43) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent,

X^(a41) and X^(a42) each independently represent —O—, —CO—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—, in which the total number of carbon atoms of A^(a42), A^(a43), A^(a44), X^(a41) and X^(a42) is 7 or less], and

* represents a bonding site and * at the right side represents a bonding site to —O—CO—R^(a42).

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group in R^(a42) include a chain saturated hydrocarbon group and a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the chain saturated hydrocarbon group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group and an octadecyl group.

Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; and polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bonding site).

Examples of the group formed by combination include groups obtained by combining one or more alkyl groups or one or more alkanediyl groups with one or more alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups, and include an alkanediyl group-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group, an alkanediyl group-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group and the like.

Examples of the substituent possessed by R^(a42) include at least one selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a group represented by formula (a-g3). Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable:

*—X^(a43)-A^(a45)  (a-g3)

wherein, in formula (a-g3),

X^(a43) represents an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, *—O—CO— or *—CO—O—,

A^(a45) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and

* represents a bonding site to R^(a42).

In R^(a42)—X^(a43)-A^(a45), when R^(a42) has no halogen atom, A^(a45) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms having at least one halogen atom.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in A^(a45) include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group and an octadecyl group; monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; and polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bonding site).

Examples of the group formed by combination include a group obtained by combining one or more alkyl groups or one or more alkanediyl groups with one or more alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, and include an -alkanediyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an -alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkyl group, an -alkanediyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkyl group and the like.

R^(a42) is preferably a saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a halogen atom, and more preferably an alkyl group having a halogen atom and/or a saturated hydrocarbon group having a group represented by formula (a-g3).

When R^(a42) is a saturated hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom, a saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom is preferable, a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluorocycloalkyl group is more preferable, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is still more preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a perfluoroheptyl group and a perfluorooctyl group. Examples of the perfluorocycloalkyl group include a perfluorocyclohexyl group and the like.

When R^(a42) is a saturated hydrocarbon group having a group represented by formula (a-g3), the total number of carbon atoms of R^(a42) is preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 12 or less, including the number of carbon atoms included in the group represented by formula (a-g3). When having the group represented by formula (a-g3) as the substituent, the number thereof is preferably 1.

When R^(a42) is a saturated hydrocarbon group having the group represented by formula (a-g3), R^(a42) is still more preferably a group represented by formula (a-g2):

*-A^(a43)-X^(a44)-A^(a47)  (a-g2)

wherein, in formula (a-g2),

A^(a46) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

X^(a44) represents **—O—CO— or **—CO—O— (** represents a bonding site to A^(a46)),

A^(a47) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

the total number of carbon atoms of A^(a46), A^(a47) and X^(a44) is 18 or less, and at least one of A^(a46) and A^(a47) has at least one halogen atom, and

* represents a bonding site to a carbonyl group.

The number of carbon atoms of the saturated hydrocarbon group of A^(a46) is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3.

The number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of A^(a47) is preferably 4 to 15, and more preferably 5 to 12, and A^(a47) is still more preferably a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group.

Preferred structure of the group represented by formula (a-g2) is the following structure (* represents a bonding site to a carbonyl group).

Examples of the alkanediyl group in A^(a41) include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group and a hexane-1,6-diyl group; and branched alkanediyl groups such as a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a 1-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

Examples of the substituent in the alkanediyl group represented by A^(a41) include a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

A^(a41) is preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an ethylene group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by A^(a42), A^(a43) and A^(a44) in the group represented by formula (a-g1) include a linear or branched alkanediyl group and a monocyclic or polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining an alkanediyl group with a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group. Specific examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a 1-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the substituent of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by A^(a42), A^(a43) and A^(a44) include a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

s is preferably 0.

In the group represented by formula (a-g1), examples of the group in which X^(a42) is —O—, —CO—, —CO—O— or —O—CO-include the following groups. In the following exemplification, * and ** each represent a boning site, and ** represents a boning site to —O—CO—R^(a42).

Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) include the following structural units, and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to A^(a41) in the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) in the following structural units is substituted with a hydrogen atom.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a4-2).

wherein, in formula (a4-2),

R^(f5) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

L⁴⁴ represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

R^(f6) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom, and

the upper limit of the total number of carbon atoms of L⁴⁴ and R^(f6) is 21.

Examples of the alkanediyl group as for L⁴⁴ include the same groups as mentioned for A^(a41).

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group of R^(f6) include the same groups as mentioned for R^(a42).

The alkanediyl group in L⁴⁴ is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably an ethylene group.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-2) includes, for example, structural units represented by formula (a4-1-1) to formula (a4-1-11). A structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(f5) in the structural unit (a4-2) is substituted with a hydrogen atom is also exemplified as the structural unit represented by formula (a4-2):

wherein, in formula (a4-3),

R^(f7) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

L⁵ represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

A^(f13) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom,

X^(f12) represents *—O—CO— or *—CO—O— (* represents a bonding site to A^(f13)),

A^(f14) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, and

at least one of A^(f13) and A^(f14) has a fluorine atom, and the upper limit of the total number of carbon atoms of L⁵, A^(f13) and A^(f14) is 20.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in L⁵ include those which are the same as mentioned in the alkanediyl group of A^(a41).

The divalent saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom in A^(f13) is preferably a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom and a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom, and more preferably a perfluoroalkanediyl group.

Examples of the divalent chain hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom include alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propanediyl group, a butanediyl group and a pentanediyl group; and perfluoroalkanediyl groups such as a difluoromethylene group, a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropanediyl group, a perfluorobutanediyl group and a perfluoropentanediyl group.

The divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic group include a cyclohexanediyl group and a perfluorocyclohexanediyl group. Examples of the polycyclic group include an adamantanediyl group, a norbornanediyl group, a perfluoroadamantanediyl group and the like.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group and the saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom for A^(f14) include the same groups as mentioned for R^(a42). Of these groups, preferable are fluorinated alkyl groups such as a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a methyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, an ethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a propyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl group, a butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a heptyl group, a perfluoroheptyl group, an octyl group and a perfluorooctyl group; a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a perfluorocyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, an adamantylmethyl group, an adamantyldimethyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornylmethyl group, a perfluoroadamantyl group, a perfluoroadamantylmethyl group and the like.

In formula (a4-3), L⁵ is preferably an ethylene group.

The divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of A^(f13) is preferably a group including a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.

The saturated hydrocarbon group of A^(f14) is preferably a group including a chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms and an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a group including a chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Of these groups, A^(f14) is preferably a group including an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group and an adamantyl group.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-3) includes, for example, structural units represented by formula (a4-1′-1) to formula (a4-1′-11). A structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(f7) in the structural unit (a4-3) is substituted with a hydrogen atom is also exemplified as the structural unit represented by formula (a4-3).

It is also possible to exemplify, as the structural unit (a4), a structural unit represented by formula (a4-4):

wherein, in formula (a4-4),

R^(f21) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

A^(f21) represents —(CH₂)_(j1)—, —(CH₂)_(j2)—O—(CH₂)_(j3)— or —(CH₂)_(j4)—CO—O—(CH₂)_(j5)—,

j1 to j5 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6, and

R^(f22) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group of R^(f22) include those which are the same as the saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R^(a42). R^(f22) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom or an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom.

In formula (a4-4), A^(f21) is preferably —(CH₂)_(j1)—, more preferably an ethylene group or a methylene group, and still more preferably a methylene group.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-4) includes, for example, the following structural units and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(f21) in the structural unit (a4-4) is substituted with a hydrogen atom in structural units represented by the following formulas.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a4), the content is preferably 1 to 20 mol %, more preferably 2 to mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 10 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (a5)>

Examples of a non-leaving hydrocarbon group possessed by the structural unit (a5) include groups having a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group. Of these, the structural unit (a5) is preferably a group having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

The structural unit (a5) includes, for example, a structural unit represented by formula (a5-1):

wherein, in formula (a5-1),

R⁵¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R⁵² represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and

L⁵⁵ represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R⁵² may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. The monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes, for example, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. The polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes, for example, an adamantyl group and a norbornyl group.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms includes, for example, alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group and a 2-ethylhexyl group.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a substituent includes a 3-methyladamantyl group and the like.

R⁵² is preferably an unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group or a cyclohexyl group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in L⁵⁵ include a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group and a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group is preferable.

The divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group includes, for example, alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propanediyl group, a butanediyl group and a pentanediyl group.

The divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclopentanediyl group and a cyclohexanediyl group. Examples of the polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include an adamantanediyl group and a norbornanediyl group.

The group in which —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L⁵⁵ is replaced by —O— or —CO— includes, for example, groups represented by formula (L1-1) to formula (L1-4). In the following formulas, * and ** represent a bonding site, and * represents a bonding site to an oxygen atom.

In formula (L1-1),

X^(x1) represents *—O—CO— or *—CO—O— (* represents a bonding site to L^(x1)),

L^(x1) represents a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms,

L^(x2) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x1) and L^(x2) is 16 or less.

In formula (L1-2),

L^(x3) represents a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms,

L^(x4) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x3) and L^(x4) is 17 or less.

In formula (L1-3),

L^(x5) represents a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms,

L^(x6) and L^(x7) each independently represent a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x5), L^(x6) and L^(x7) is 15 or less.

In formula (L1-4),

L^(x8) and L^(x9) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

W^(x1) represents a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x8), L^(x9) and W^(x1) is 15 or less.

L^(x1) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

L^(x2) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond.

L^(x3) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(x4) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(x5) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

L^(x6) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

L^(x7) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(x8) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group.

L^(x9) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group.

W^(x1) is preferably a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cyclohexanediyl group or an adamantanediyl group.

The group represented by formula (L1-1) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

The group represented by formula (L1-2) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

The group represented by formula (L1-3) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

The group represented by formula (L1-4) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

L⁵⁵ is preferably a single bond or a group represented by formula (L1-1).

Examples of the structural unit (a5-1) include the following structural units and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R⁵¹ in the structural unit (a5-1) in the following structural units is substituted with a hydrogen atom.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a5), the content is preferably 1 to 30 mol %, more preferably 2 to mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 15 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (II)>

The resin (A) may further include a structural unit which is decomposed upon exposure to radiation to generate an acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (II)”). Specific examples of the structural unit (II) include the structural units mentioned in JP 2016-79235 A, and a structural unit having a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group and an organic cation in a side chain or a structural unit having a sulfonio group and an organic anion in a side chain are preferable.

The structural unit having a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group and an organic cation in a side chain is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A′):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A′),

X^(III3) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, or a hydroxy group,

A^(x1) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

RA⁻ represents a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group,

R^(III3) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and

ZA⁺ represents an organic cation.

Examples of the halogen atom represented by R^(III3) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(III3) include those which are the same as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(a8).

Examples of the alkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms represented by A^(x1) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a pentane-2,4-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group, a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted in A^(x1) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group and the like.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms represented by X^(III3) include a linear or branched alkanediyl group, a monocyclic or a polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.

Specific examples thereof include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a nonane-1,9-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, an undecane-1,11-diyl group and a dodecane-1,12-diyl group; branched alkanediyl groups such as a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group; cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group; and divalent polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group and an adamantane-2,6-diyl group.

Those in which —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group are replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO— include, for example, divalent groups represented by formula (X1) to formula (X53). Before replacing —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group by —O—, —S— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms is 17 or less. In the following formulas, * and ** represent a bonding site, and * represents a bonding site to A^(x1).

X³ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms.

X⁴ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

X⁵ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms.

X⁶ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.

X⁷ represents a trivalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.

X⁸ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms.

Examples of ZA⁺ in formula (II-2-A′) include those which are the same as cation Z1⁺ in the acid generator (B1).

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A′) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A), R^(III3), X^(III3) and ZA⁺ are the same as defined above,

z2A represents an integer of 0 to 6,

R^(III2) and R^(III4) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and when z2A is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(III2) and R^(III4) may be the same or different form each other, and

Q^(a) and Q^(b) each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R^(III2), R^(III4), Q^(a) and Q^(b) include those which are the same as the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Q^(b1).

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A-1):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A-1),

R^(III2), R^(III3), R^(III4), Q^(a), Q^(b) and ZA⁺ are the same as defined above,

R^(III5) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

z2A1 represents an integer of 0 to 6,

X^(I2) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom or a hydroxy group.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R^(III5) include linear or branched alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group and a dodecyl group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by X^(I2) include those which are the same as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by X^(III3).

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A-1) is more preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A-2):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A-2), R^(III3), R^(III5) and ZA⁺ are the same as defined above, and

mA and nA each independently represent 1 or 2.

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A′) includes, for example, the following structural units, structural units in which a group corresponding to a methyl group of R^(III3) is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine atom) or a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl group, etc.) and the structural units mentioned in WO 2012/050015 A. ZA⁺ represents an organic cation.

The structural unit having a sulfonio group and an organic anion in a side chain is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-1-1):

wherein, in formula (II-1-1),

A^(II1) represents a single bond or a divalent linking group,

R^(II1) represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,

R^(II2) and R^(II3) each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R^(II2) and R^(II3) may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with sulfur atoms to which R^(II2) and R^(II3) are bonded,

R^(II4) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and

A⁻ represents an organic anion.

Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R^(II1) include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by R^(II2) and R^(II3) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include those which are the same as mentioned above.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group and a phenanthryl group.

Examples of the combined group include groups obtained by combining the above-mentioned alkyl group and alicyclic hydrocarbon group, aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alkyl group (a p-methylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbon groups having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, etc.), aryl-cycloalkyl groups such as a phenylcyclohexyl group, and the like.

Examples of the halogen atom represented by R^(II4) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(II4) include those which are the same as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(a8).

Examples of the divalent linking group represented by A^(II1) include a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—. Specific examples thereof include those which are the same as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms represented by X^(III3).

Examples of the structural unit including a cation in formula (II-1-1) include the following structural units and structural units in which a group corresponding to a methyl group of R¹¹⁴ is substituted with a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine atom) or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl group, etc.).

Examples of the organic anion represented by A⁻ include a sulfonic acid anion, a sulfonylimide anion, a sulfonylmethide anion and a carboxylic acid anion. The organic anion represented by A⁻ is preferably a sulfonic acid anion, and more preferably an anion contained in the salt represented by formula (B1) mentioned above.

Examples of the sulfonylimide anion represented by A⁻ include the following.

Examples of the sulfonylmethide anion include the following.

Examples of the carboxylic acid anion include the following.

Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (II-1-1) include structural units represented by the following formulas.

When the structural unit (II) is included in the resin (A), the content of the structural unit (II) is preferably 1 to 20 mol %, more preferably 2 to 15 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 10 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

The resin (A) may include structural units other than the structural units mentioned above, and examples of such structural unit include structural units well-known in the art.

The resin (A) is preferably a resin composed of a structural unit (a1) and a structural unit (s).

The structural unit (a1) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a1-0), a structural unit (a1-1) and a structural unit (a1-2) (preferably the structural unit having a cyclohexyl group, or a cyclopentyl group), more preferably at least two, and still more preferably a structural unit (a1-1) and/or a structural unit (a1-2).

The structural unit (s) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a2) and a structural unit (a3). The structural unit (a2) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A) or a structural unit represented by formula (a2-1). The structural unit (a3) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a3-1), a structural unit represented by formula (a3-2) and a structural unit represented by formula (a3-4).

The respective structural units constituting the resin (A) may be used alone, or two or more structural units may be used in combination. Using a monomer from which these structural units are derived, it is possible to produce by a known polymerization method (e.g. radical polymerization method). The content of the respective structural units included in the resin (A) can be adjusted according to the amount of the monomer used in the polymerization.

The weight-average molecular weight of the resin (A) is preferably 2,000 or more (more preferably 2,500 or more, and still more preferably 3,000 or more), and 50,000 or less (more preferably 30,000 or less, and still more preferably 15,000 or less). In the present specification, the weight-average molecular weight is a value determined by gel permeation chromatography under the conditions mentioned in Examples.

<Resin Other than Resin (A)>

The resist composition of the present invention may use the resin other than the resin (A) in combination.

The resin other than the resin (A) includes, for example, a resin including a structural unit (a4) or a structural unit (a5) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (X)).

The resin (X) is preferably a resin including a structural unit (a4), particularly.

In the resin (X), the content of the structural unit (a4) is preferably 30 mol % or more, more preferably 40 mol % or more, and still more preferably 45 mol % or more, based on the total of all structural units of the resin (X).

Examples of the structural unit, which may be further included in the resin (X), include a structural unit (a2), a structural unit (a3) and structural units derived from other known monomers. Particularly, the resin (X) is preferably a resin composed only of a structural unit (a4) and/or a structural unit (a5), and more preferably a resin composed only of a structural unit (a4).

The respective structural unit constituting the resin (X) may be used alone, or two or more structural units may be used in combination. Using a monomer from which these structural units are derived, it is possible to produce by a known polymerization method (e.g. radical polymerization method). The content of the respective structural units included in the resin (X) can be adjusted according to the amount of the monomer used in the polymerization.

The weight-average molecular weight of the resin (X) is preferably 6,000 or more (more preferably 7,000 or more) and 80,000 or less (more preferably 60,000 or less). The measurement means of the weight-average molecular weight of the resin (X) is the same as in the case of the resin (A).

When the resist composition includes the resin (X), the content is preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, still more preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, yet more preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, and further preferably 1 to 8 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the resin (A).

The content of the resin (A) in the resist composition is preferably 80% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, based on the solid component of the resist composition. When including resins other than the resin (A), the total content of the resin (A) and resins other than the resin (A) is preferably 80% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, based on the solid component of the resist composition. The solid component of the resist composition and the content of the resin thereto can be measured by a known analysis means such as liquid chromatography or gas chromatography.

<Solvent (E)>

The content of the solvent (E) in the resist composition is usually 90% by mass or more and 99.9% by mass or less, preferably 92% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 94% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less. The content of the solvent (E) can be measured, for example, by a known analysis means such as liquid chromatography or gas chromatography.

Examples of the solvent (E) include glycol ether esters such as ethylcellosolve acetate, methylcellosolve acetate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; glycol ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether; esters such as ethyl lactate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate and ethyl pyruvate; ketones such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-heptanone and cyclohexanone; and cyclic esters such as γ-butyrolactone. The solvent (E) may be used alone, or two or more solvents may be used.

<Quencher (C)>

Examples of the quencher (C) include a basic nitrogen-containing organic compound, or a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from an acid generator (B) (excluding the carboxylate represented by formula (I)). When the resist composition includes the quencher (C), the content of the quencher (C) is preferably about 0.01 to 15% by mass, more preferably about 0.01 to 10% by mass, still more preferably about 0.01 to 7% by mass, and yet more preferably about 0.1 to 3% by mass, based on the amount of the solid component of the resist composition.

Examples of the basic nitrogen-containing organic compound include amine and an ammonium salt. Examples of the amine include an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine. Examples of the aliphatic amine include a primary amine, a secondary amine and a tertiary amine.

Examples of the amine include 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, aniline, diisopropylaniline, 2-, 3- or 4-methylaniline, 4-nitroaniline, N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, diphenylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine, trinonylamine, tridecylamine, methyldibutylamine, methyldipentylamine, methyldihexylamine, methyldicyclohexylamine, methyldiheptylamine, methyldioctylamine, methyldinonylamine, methyldidecylamine, ethyldibutylamine, ethyldipentylamine, ethyldihexylamine, ethyldiheptylamine, ethyldioctylamine, ethyldinonylamine, ethyldidecylamine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, triisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 4,4′-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-diethyldiphenylmethane, 2,2′-methylenebisaniline, imidazole, 4-methylimidazole, pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethene, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene, 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, 1,2-di(4-pyridyloxy)ethane, di(2-pyridyl)ketone, 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide, 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide, 2,2′-dipyridylamine, 2,2′-dipicolylamine, bipyridine and the like, preferably an aromatic amine such as diisopropylaniline, and more preferably 2,6-diisopropylaniline.

Examples of the ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraisopropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrahexylammonium hydroxide, tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, tetra-n-butylammonium salicylate and choline.

The acidity in a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B) is indicated by the acid dissociation constant (pKa). Regarding the salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B), the acid dissociation constant of an acid generated from the salt usually meets the following inequality: −3<pKa, preferably −1<pKa<7, and more preferably 0<pKa<5.

Examples of the salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B) include salts represented by the following formulas, a salt represented by formula (D) mentioned in JP 2015-147926 A (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “weak acid inner salt (D)”), and salts mentioned in JP 2012-229206 A, JP 2012-6908 A, JP 2012-72109 A, JP 2011-39502 A and JP 2011-191745 A. The salt is preferably a salt generating a carboxylic acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B) (salt having a carboxylic acid anion), and more preferably a weak acid inner salt (D).

Examples of the weak acid inner salt (D) include the following salts.

<Other Components>

The resist composition of the present invention may also include components other than the components mentioned above (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “other components (F)”). The other components (F) are not particularly limited and it is possible to use various additives known in the resist field, for example, sensitizers, dissolution inhibitors, surfactants, stabilizers and dyes.

<Preparation of Resist Composition>

The resist composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing a carboxylate (I), a resin (A) and an acid generator (B), and if necessary, resins other than the resin (A), a solvent (E), a quencher (C) and other components (F). The order of mixing these components is any order and is not particularly limited. It is possible to select, as the temperature during mixing, appropriate temperature from 10 to 40° C., according to the type of the resin, the solubility in the solvent (E) of the resin and the like. It is possible to select, as the mixing time, appropriate time from 0.5 to 24 hours according to the mixing temperature. The mixing means is not particularly limited and it is possible to use mixing with stirring.

After mixing the respective components, the mixture is preferably filtered through a filter having a pore diameter of about 0.003 to 0.2 μm.

(Method for Producing Resist Pattern)

The method for producing a resist pattern of the present invention include:

(1) a step of applying the resist composition of the present invention on a substrate, (2) a step of drying the applied composition to form a composition layer, (3) a step of exposing the composition layer, (4) a step of heating the exposed composition layer, and (5) a step of developing the heated composition layer.

The resist composition can be usually applied on a substrate using a conventionally used apparatus, such as a spin coater. Examples of the substrate include inorganic substrates such as a silicon wafer. Before applying the resist composition, the substrate may be washed, and an organic antireflection film may be formed on the substrate.

The solvent is removed by drying the applied composition to form a composition layer. Drying is performed by evaporating the solvent using a heating device such as a hot plate (so-called “prebake”), or a decompression device. The heating temperature is preferably 50 to 200° C. and the heating time is preferably 10 to 180 seconds. The pressure during drying under reduced pressure is preferably about 1 to 1.0×10⁵ Pa.

The composition layer thus obtained is usually exposed using an aligner. The aligner may be a liquid immersion aligner. It is possible to use, as an exposure source, various exposure sources, for example, exposure sources capable of emitting laser beam in an ultraviolet region such as KrF excimer laser (wavelength of 248 nm), ArF excimer laser (wavelength of 193 nm) and F₂ excimer laser (wavelength of 157 nm), an exposure source capable of emitting harmonic laser beam in a far-ultraviolet or vacuum ultra violet region by wavelength-converting laser beam from a solid-state laser source (YAG or semiconductor laser), an exposure source capable of emitting electron beam or EUV and the like. In the present specification, such exposure to radiation is sometimes collectively referred to as “exposure”. The exposure is usually performed through a mask corresponding to a pattern to be required. When electron beam is used as the exposure source, exposure may be performed by direct writing without using the mask.

The exposed composition layer is subjected to a heat treatment (so-called “post-exposure bake”) to promote the deprotection reaction in an acid-labile group. The heating temperature is usually about 50 to 200° C., and preferably about 70 to 150° C.

The heated composition layer is usually developed with a developing solution using a development apparatus. Examples of the developing method include a dipping method, a paddle method, a spraying method, a dynamic dispensing method and the like. The developing temperature is preferably, for example, 5 to 60° C. and the developing time is preferably, for example, 5 to 300 seconds. It is possible to produce a positive resist pattern or negative resist pattern by selecting the type of the developing solution as follows.

When the positive resist pattern is produced from the resist composition of the present invention, an alkaline developing solution is used as the developing solution. The alkaline developing solution may be various aqueous alkaline solutions used in this field. Examples thereof include aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (commonly known as choline). The surfactant may be contained in the alkaline developing solution.

It is preferable that the developed resist pattern is washed with ultrapure water and then water remaining on the substrate and the pattern is removed.

When the negative resist pattern is produced from the resist composition of the present invention, a developing solution containing an organic solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “organic developing solution”) is used as the developing solution.

Examples of the organic solvent contained in the organic developing solution include ketone solvents such as 2-hexanone and 2-heptanone; glycol ether ester solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; ester solvents such as butyl acetate; glycol ether solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether; amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide; and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as anisole.

The content of the organic solvent in the organic developing solution is preferably 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and still more preferably the organic developing solution is substantially composed of the organic solvent.

Particularly, the organic developing solution is preferably a developing solution containing butyl acetate and/or 2-heptanone. The total content of butyl acetate and 2-heptanone in the organic developing solution is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and still more preferably the organic developing solution is substantially composed of butyl acetate and/or 2-heptanone.

The surfactant may be contained in the organic developing solution. A trace amount of water may be contained in the organic developing solution.

During development, the development may be stopped by replacing by a solvent with the type different from that of the organic developing solution.

The developed resist pattern is preferably washed with a rinsing solution. The rinsing solution is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the resist pattern, and it is possible to use a solution containing an ordinary organic solvent which is preferably an alcohol solvent or an ester solvent.

After washing, the rinsing solution remaining on the substrate and the pattern is preferably removed.

(Application)

The resist composition of the present invention is suitable as a resist composition for exposure of KrF excimer laser, a resist composition for exposure of ArF excimer laser, a resist composition for exposure of electron beam (EB) or a resist composition for exposure of EUV, particularly a resist composition for exposure of electron beam (EB) or a resist composition for exposure of EUV, and the resist composition is useful for fine processing of semiconductors.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will be described more specifically by way of Examples. Percentages and parts expressing the contents or amounts used in the Examples are by mass unless otherwise specified.

The weight-average molecular weight is a value determined by gel permeation chromatography. Analysis conditions of gel permeation chromatography are as follows.

Column: TSKgel Multipore IIXL-M×3+guardcolumn (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION)

Eluent: tetrahydrofuran

Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min

Detector: RI detector

Column temperature: 40° C.

Injection amount: 100 μl

Molecular weight standards: polystyrene standard (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION)

Structures of compounds were confirmed by measuring a molecular ion peak using mass spectrometry (Liquid Chromatography: Model 1100, manufactured by Agilent Technologies, Inc., Mass Spectrometry: Model LC/MSD, manufactured by Agilent Technologies, Inc.). The value of this molecular ion peak in the following Examples is indicated by “MASS”.

Example 1: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-2)

0.67 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.64 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺525.0

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Example 2: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-4)

0.67 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-a), 0.44 part of a salt represented by formula (I-4-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.76 part of a salt represented by formula (I-4).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺525.0

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 337.1

Example 3: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-5)

0.67 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-a), 0.24 part of a salt represented by formula (I-5-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.61 part of a salt represented by formula (I-5).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺525.0

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 137.0

Example 4: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-110)

0.57 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-110-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.55 part of a salt represented by formula (I-110).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺425.0

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Example 5: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-1084)

A solution obtained by mixing 4.49 parts of pyridine, 14.67 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1084-b) and 25 parts of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise at 0° C. to a solution obtained by mixing 10 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1084-a) and 10 parts of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture thus obtained was stirred at 23° C. for 1 hour. To the reaction mixed solution, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The extracted organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure and n-heptane was added, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The mixed solution was left to stand and the supernatant was removed, followed by drying to obtain 22.91 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-1084-c).

0.67 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-a), 0.61 part of a salt represented by formula (I-1084-c) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.89 part of a salt represented by formula (I-1084).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺525.0

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 531.1

Example 6: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-652)

5.80 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-a) and 11.60 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the mixture cooled to 10° C. was added dropwise to 0.63 part of magnesium to obtain a Grignard solution represented by formula (I-652-b). To the thus obtained Grignard solution represented by formula (I-652-b), 1.97 parts of zinc bromide was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours to obtain a solution containing a compound represented by formula (I-652-c). 2.93 Parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-d), 7.16 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-e) and 10 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, a solution containing a compound represented by formula (I-652-c) was added. To the reaction mixture thus obtained, 2.87 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-e) was further added, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 18 hours. To the reaction mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of 1N hydrochloric acid and 30 parts of chloroform were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 15 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated, and then 30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes and further filtration to obtain 0.89 part of a salt represented by formula (I-652-f).

0.73 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-652-f), 0.44 part of a salt represented by formula (I-4-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.78 part of a salt represented by formula (I-652).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 582.9

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 337.1

Example 7: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-706)

4.51 Parts of a compound represented by formula (I-706-a) and 9.02 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the mixture cooled to 10° C. was added dropwise to 0.63 part of magnesium to obtain a Grignard solution represented by formula (I-706-b). To the thus obtained Grignard solution represented by formula (I-706-b), 1.97 parts of zinc bromide was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours to obtain a solution containing a compound represented by formula (I-706-c). 2.93 Parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-d), 7.16 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-e) and 10 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, a solution containing a compound represented by formula (I-706-c) was added. To the reaction mixture thus obtained, 2.87 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-652-e) was further added, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 18 hours. To the reaction mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of 1N hydrochloric acid and 30 parts of chloroform were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 15 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated, and 30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes and further filtration to obtain 0.75 part of a salt represented by formula (I-706-f).

0.68 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-706-f), 0.44 part of a salt represented by formula (I-4-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.74 part of a salt represented by formula (I-706).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺532.9

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 337.1

Example 8: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-868)

2.69 Parts of a compound represented by formula (I-868-a), 15.18 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-868-b) and 30 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes and further cooling to 5° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 2.44 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-868-c) was added, followed by stirring at 5° C. for 30 minutes and further stirring at 50° C. for 10 hours. The reaction mixture thus obtained was cooled to 23° C., and then 20 parts of ion-exchanged water and 50 parts of chloroform were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 20 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated, and then 30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 0.96 part of a salt represented by formula (I-868-d).

0.65 Part of a salt represented by formula (I-868-d), 0.44 part of a salt represented by formula (I-4-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.69 part of a salt represented by formula (I-868).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺496.9

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 337.1

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (IX-4)

0.55 Part of a salt represented by formula (IX-4-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.56 part of a salt represented by formula (IX-4).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺467.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (IX-5)

0.41 Part of a salt represented by formula (IX-5-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.49 part of a salt represented by formula (IX-5).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺331.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (IX-6)

0.47 Part of a salt represented by formula (IX-6-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.51 part of a salt represented by formula (IX-6).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺389.0

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (IX-7)

0.40 Part of a salt represented by formula (IX-7-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.45 part of a salt represented by formula (IX-7).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 317.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (IX-8)

0.36 Part of a salt represented by formula (IX-8-a), 0.30 part of a salt represented by formula (I-2-b) and 10 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 12 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 5 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 5 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated to obtain 0.42 part of a salt represented by formula (IX-8).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺281.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 193.1

Synthesis of Resin

Compounds (monomers) used in synthesis of a resin (A) are shown below. Hereinafter, these compounds are referred to as “monomer (a1-1-3)” according to the formula number.

Synthesis Example 6 [Synthesis of Resin A1]

Using a monomer (a1-4-2), a monomer (a1-1-3) and a monomer (a1-2-6) as monomers, these monomers were mixed in a molar ratio of 38:24:38 [monomer (a1-4-2):monomer (a1-1-3):monomer (a1-2-6)], and methyl isobutyl ketone was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers. To the mixture thus obtained, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator was added in the amounts of 7 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, and then the mixture was polymerized by heating at 85° C. for about 5 hours. To the polymerization reaction solution thus obtained, an aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid solution (2.5% by weight) was added in the amount of 2.0 mass times the total mass of all monomers, followed by stirring for 6 hours and further isolation through separation. The organic layer thus obtained was poured into a large amount of n-heptane to precipitate a resin, followed by filtration and recovery to obtain a resin A1 (copolymer) having a weight-average molecular weight of about 5.3×10³ in a yield of 78%. This resin A1 has the following structural units.

Synthesis Example 7 [Synthesis of Resin A2]

Using a monomer (a1-4-2) and a monomer (a1-2-6) as monomers, these monomers were mixed in a molar ratio of 38:62 [monomer (a1-4-2):monomer (a1-2-6)], and methyl isobutyl ketone was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers. To the mixture thus obtained, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator was added in the amounts of 7 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, and then the mixture was polymerized by heating at 85° C. for about 5 hours. To the polymerization reaction solution thus obtained, an aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid solution (2.5% by weight) was added in the amount of 2.0 mass times the total mass of all monomers, followed by stirring for 6 hours and further isolation through separation. The organic layer thus obtained was poured into a large amount of n-heptane to precipitate a resin, followed by filtration and recovery to obtain a resin A2 (copolymer) having a weight-average molecular weight of about 5.4×10³ in a yield of 89%. This resin A2 has the following structural units.

Synthesis Example 8 [Synthesis of Resin A3]

Using a monomer (a1-2-6), a monomer (a2-1-3), a monomer (a3-4-2) and a monomer (a1-4-2) as monomers, these monomers were mixed in a molar ratio of 53:3:12:32 [monomer (a1-2-6):monomer (a2-1-3):monomer (a3-4-2):monomer (a1-4-2)], and methyl isobutyl ketone was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers. To the mixture thus obtained, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvarelonitrile) as initiators were added in the amounts of 1.2 mol % and 3.6 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, and then the mixture was polymerized by heating at 73° C. for about 5 hours. To the polymerization reaction solution thus obtained, an aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid solution (2.5% by weight) was added in the amount of 2.0 mass times the total mass of all monomers, followed by stirring for 12 hours and further isolation through separation. The organic layer thus obtained was poured into a large amount of n-heptane to precipitate a resin, followed by filtration and recovery to obtain a resin A3 (copolymer) having a weight-average molecular weight of about 5.3×10³ in a yield of 88%. This resin A3 has the following structural units.

Synthesis Example 9 [Synthesis of Resin A4]

Using a monomer (a1-2-6), a monomer (a2-1-3), a monomer (a3-4-2) and a monomer (a1-4-13) as monomers, these monomers were mixed in a molar ratio of 53:3:12:32 [monomer (a1-2-6):monomer (a2-1-3):monomer (a3-4-2):monomer (a1-4-13)], and methyl isobutyl ketone was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers. To the mixture thus obtained, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvarelonitrile) as initiators were added in the amounts of 1.2 mol % and 3.6 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, and then the mixture was polymerized by heating at 73° C. for about 5 hours. To the polymerization reaction solution thus obtained, an aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid solution (2.5% by weight) was added in the amount of 2.0 mass times the total mass of all monomers, followed by stirring for 12 hours and further isolation through separation. The organic layer thus obtained was poured into a large amount of n-heptane to precipitate a resin, followed by filtration and recovery to obtain a resin A4 (copolymer) having a weight-average molecular weight of about 5.1×10³ in a yield of 79%. This resin A4 has the following structural units.

<Preparation of Resist Composition>

As shown in Table 2, the following components were mixed and the mixture thus obtained was filtered through a fluororesin filter having a pore diameter of 0.2 μm to prepare resist compositions.

TABLE 2 Resist Acid generator Carboxylate Quencher composition Resin (B) (I) (C) PB/PEB Composition 1 A1 = B1-25 = I-2 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 2 A2 = B1-25 = I-2 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 3 A1 = B1-25 = I-4 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 4 A2 = B1-25 = I-4 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 5 A1 = B1-25 = I-5 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 6 A2 = B1-25 = I-5 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 7 A1 = B1-25 = I-110 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 8 A2 = B1-25 = I-110 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 9 A2 = B1-25 = I-652 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 10 A2 = B1-25 = I-706 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 11 A2 = B1-25 = I-868 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 12 A2 = B1-25 = I-1084 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 13 A3 = B1-25 = I-2 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 14 A3 = B1-25 = I-4 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 15 A3 = B1-25 = I-5 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 16 A3 = B1-25 = I-110 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 17 A3 = B1-25 = I-652 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 18 A3 = B1-25 = I-706 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 19 A3 = B1-25 = I-868 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 20 A3 = B1-25 = I-1084 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 21 A4 = B1-25 = I-4 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 22 A4 = B1-25 = I-652 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 23 A4 = B1-25 = I-706 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Composition 24 A4 = B1-25 = I-868 = — 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Comparative A2 = B1-25 = — IX-1 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 1 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Comparative A2 = B1-25 = — IX-2 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 2 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Comparative A2 = B1-25 = — IX-3 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 3 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Comparative A3 = B1-25 = — IX-1 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 4 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Comparative A3 = B1-25 = — IX-2 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 5 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Comparative A3 = B1-25 = — IX-3 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 6 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A2 = B1-25 = — IX-4 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 1 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A2 = B1-25 = — IX-5 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 2 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A2 = B1-25 = — IX-6 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 3 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A2 = B1-25 = — IX-7 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 4 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A2 = B1-25 = — IX-8 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 5 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A3 = B1-25 = — IX-4 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 6 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A3 = B1-25 = — IX-5 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 7 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A3 = B1-25 = — IX-6 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 8 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A3 = B1-25 = — IX-7 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 9 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts Reference A3 = B1-25 = — IX-8 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 10 10 parts 3.4 parts 0.7 parts

<Resin>

A1 to A4: Resin A1 to Resin A4

<Acid Generator (B)>

B1-25: Salt represented by formula (B1-25); synthesized by the method mentioned in JP 2011-126869 A

<Carboxylate (I)>

I-2: Salt represented by formula (I-2)

I-4: Salt represented by formula (I-4)

I-5: Salt represented by formula (I-5)

I-110: Salt represented by formula (I-110)

I-652: Salt represented by formula (I-652)

I-706: Salt represented by formula (I-706)

I-868: Salt represented by formula (I-868)

I-1084: Salt represented by formula (I-1084)

<Quencher (C)>

IX-1:

IX-2:

IX-3:

IX-4: Salt represented by formula (IX-4)

IX-5: Salt represented by formula (IX-5)

IX-6: Salt represented by formula (IX-6)

IX-7: Salt represented by formula (IX-7)

IX-8: Salt represented by formula (IX-8)

<Solvent>

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 400 parts Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 100 parts γ-Butyrolactone  5 parts (Evaluation of Exposure of Resist Composition with Electron Beam, Alkali Development)

Each 6 inch-diameter silicon wafer was treated with hexamethyldisilazane on a direct hot plate at 90° C. for 60 seconds. A resist composition was spin-coated on the silicon wafer in such a manner that the thickness of the composition layer became 0.04 μm. Then, the coated silicon wafer was prebaked on the direct hot plate at the temperature shown in the column “PB” of Table 2 for 60 seconds to form a composition layer.

Using an electron-beam direct-write system (“HL-800D 50 keV”, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), line and space patterns (pitch of 60 nm/line width of 30 nm) were directly written on the composition layer formed on the wafer while changing the exposure dose stepwise.

After exposure, post-exposure baking was performed on the hot plate at the temperature shown in the column “PEB” of Table 2 for 60 seconds, followed by paddle development with an aqueous 2.38% by mass tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution as a developer for 60 seconds to obtain a resist pattern.

The thus obtained resist patterns (line and space patterns) were observed by a scanning electron microscope and effective sensitivity was expressed as the exposure dose at which the line width:space width of the line and space patterns with pitch of 60 nm became 1:1.

Evaluation of line edge roughness (LER): Line edge roughness was determined by measuring a roughness width of the irregularity in side wall surface of resist patterns produced at the effective sensitivity using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Resist composition LER Example 9 Composition 1 3.69 Example 10 Composition 2 3.70 Example 11 Composition 3 3.55 Example 12 Composition 4 3.59 Example 13 Composition 5 3.72 Example 14 Composition 6 3.74 Example 15 Composition 7 3.75 Example 16 Composition 8 3.77 Example 17 Composition 9 3.38 Example 18 Composition 10 3.44 Example 19 Composition 11 3.62 Example 20 Composition 12 3.56 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Composition 1 3.94 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Composition 2 3.86 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Composition 3 5.69 Reference Example 1 Reference Composition 1 3.82 Reference Example 2 Reference Composition 2 3.88 Reference Example 3 Reference Composition 3 3.86 Reference Example 4 Reference Composition 4 3.83 Reference Example 5 Reference Composition 5 3.91

As compared with Comparative Compositions 1 to 3 and Reference Compositions 1 to 5, Compositions 1 to 12 exhibited satisfactory line edge roughness (LER).

(Evaluation of Exposure of Resist Composition with Electron Beam, Organic Solvent Development)

Each 6 inch-diameter silicon wafer was treated with hexamethyldisilazane on a direct hot plate at 90° C. for 60 seconds. A resist composition was spin-coated on the silicon wafer in such a manner that the thickness of the composition layer became 0.04 μm. Then, the coated silicon wafer was prebaked on the direct hot plate at the temperature shown in the column “PB” of Table 2 for 60 seconds to form a composition layer.

Using an electron-beam direct-write system (“ELS-F125 125 keV”, manufactured by ELIONIX INC.), line and space patterns (pitch of 60 nm/line width of 30 nm) were directly written on the composition layer formed on the wafer while changing the exposure dose stepwise.

After exposure, post-exposure baking was performed on the hot plate at the temperature shown in the column “PEB” of Table 2 for 60 seconds, followed by development of the composition layer on this silicon wafer with butyl acetate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as a developer at 23° C. for 20 seconds using the dynamic dispensing method to obtain a resist pattern.

The thus obtained resist patterns (line and space patterns) were observed by a scanning electron microscope and effective sensitivity was expressed as the exposure dose at which the line width:space width of the line and space patterns with pitch of 60 nm became 1:1.

Evaluation of line edge roughness (LER): Line edge roughness was determined by measuring a roughness width of the irregularity in side wall surface of resist patterns produced at the effective sensitivity using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Resist composition LER Example 21 Composition 13 3.39 Example 22 Composition 14 3.42 Example 23 Composition 15 3.26 Example 24 Composition 16 3.27 Example 25 Composition 17 3.40 Example 26 Composition 18 3.44 Example 27 Composition 19 3.45 Example 28 Composition 20 3.46 Example 29 Composition 21 3.12 Example 30 Composition 22 3.18 Example 31 Composition 23 3.32 Example 32 Composition 24 3.24 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Composition 4 3.64 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Composition 5 3.55 Comparative Example 6 Comparative Composition 6 5.88 Reference Example 6 Reference Composition 6 3.52 Reference Example 7 Reference Composition 7 3.59 Reference Example 8 Reference Composition 8 3.55 Reference Example 9 Reference Composition 9 3.53 Reference Example 10 Reference Composition 10 3.63

As compared with Comparative Compositions 4 to 6 and Reference Compositions 6 to 10, Compositions 13 to 24 exhibited small roughness width of the irregularity in side wall surface of resist patterns, and satisfactory evaluation of line edge roughness.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A carboxylate and a resist composition including the carboxylate of the present invention exhibit satisfactory line edge roughness, and are therefore suited for fine processing of semiconductor. 

1. A carboxylate represented by formula (I):

wherein, in formula (I), R¹ represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R², R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a halogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when m2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R² may be the same or different from each other, m3 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when m3 is 2 or more, a plurality of R³ may be the same or different from each other, m4 represents an integer of 0 to 5, and when m4 is 2 or more, a plurality of R⁴ may be the same or different from each other, and X⁰ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—.
 2. The carboxylate according to claim 1, wherein R², R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a fluorine atom, an iodine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
 3. The carboxylate according to claim 1, wherein X⁰ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 72 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (—CH₂— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb):

wherein, in formula (aa), X^(a) and X^(b) each independently represent —O— or —S—, X^(1a) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, X^(2a) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 48 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻:

wherein, in formula (bb), L^(A) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, L^(B) represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, R^(A) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom of —COO⁻.
 4. The carboxylate according to claim 3, wherein X⁰ is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—), a group obtained by combining an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms with a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, —CH₂— included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the chain hydrocarbon group may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group), an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, a group represented by formula (aa) or a group represented by formula (bb).
 5. A carboxylic acid generator comprising the carboxylate according to claim
 1. 6. A resist composition comprising the carboxylic acid generator according to claim 5, an acid generator other than the carboxylic acid generator, and a resin having an acid-labile group.
 7. The resist composition according to claim 6, wherein the resin having an acid-labile group comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2):

wherein, in formula (a1-1) and formula (a1-2), L^(a1) and L^(a2) each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k1)—CO—O—, k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bonding site to —CO—, R^(a4) and R^(a5) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, R^(a6) and R^(a7) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14, n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and n1′ represents an integer of 0 to
 3. 8. The resist composition according to claim 6, wherein the resin having an acid-labile group comprises a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A):

wherein, in formula (a2-A), R^(a50) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, R^(a51) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group, A^(a50) represents a single bond or *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)—, and * represents a bonding site to carbon atoms to which —R^(a50) is bonded, A^(a52) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X^(a51) and X^(a52) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—, nb represents 0 or 1, and mb represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when mb is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a51) may be the same or different from each other.
 9. A method for producing a resist pattern, which comprises: (1) a step of applying the resist composition according to claim 6 on a substrate, (2) a step of drying the applied composition to form a composition layer, (3) a step of exposing the composition layer, (4) a step of heating the exposed composition layer, and (5) a step of developing the heated composition layer. 